Cocaine (benzoylmethylecgonine) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.[5] The name comes from "coca" in addition to the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant. Specifically, it is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which mediates functionality of such[clarification needed] as an exogenous catecholamine transporter ligand. Because of the way it affects the mesolimbic reward pathway, cocaine is addictive.[6]
Its possession, cultivation, and distribution are illegal for non-medicinal and non-government sanctioned purposes in virtually all parts of the world. Although its free commercialization is illegal and has been severely penalized in virtually all countries, its use worldwide remains widespread in many social, cultural, and personal settings.
Coca leaf
Coca leaf in Bolivia
For over a thousand years South American indigenous peoples have chewed the coca leaf (Erythroxylon coca), a plant that contains vital nutrients as well as numerous alkaloids, including cocaine. The leaf was, and is, chewed almost universally by some indigenous communities—ancient Peruvian mummies have been found with the remains of coca leaves and pottery from the time period depicts humans, cheeks bulged with the presence of something on which they are chewing.[7] There is also evidence that these cultures used a mixture of coca leaves and saliva as an anesthetic for the performance of trepanation.[8]
When the Spanish arrived in South America, most at first ignored aboriginal claims that the leaf gave them strength and energy, and declared the practice of chewing it the work of the Devil. But after discovering that these claims were true, they legalized and taxed the leaf, taking 10% off the value of each crop.[9] In 1569, Nicolás Monardes described the practice of the natives of chewing a mixture of tobacco and coca leaves to induce "great contentment":
“ [...when they wished to] make themselves drunk and [...] out of judgment [they chewed a mixture of tobacco and coca leaves which ...] make them go as they were out of their wittes [...][10] ”
In 1609, Padre Blas Valera wrote:
“ Coca protects the body from many ailments, and our doctors use it in powdered form to reduce the swelling of wounds, to strengthen broken bones, to expel cold from the body or prevent it from entering, and to cure rotten wounds or sores that are full of maggots. And if it does so much for outward ailments, will not its singular virtue have even greater effect in the entrails of those who eat it? ”
Isolation
Although the stimulant and hunger-suppressant properties of coca had been known for many centuries, the isolation of the cocaine alkaloid was not achieved until 1855. Various European scientists had attempted to isolate cocaine, but none had been successful for two reasons: the knowledge of chemistry required was insufficient at the time, and the cocaine in the plant was damaged because coca does not grow in the Eurasian region and ruined easily amidst transcontinental shipping.
The cocaine alkaloid was first isolated by the German chemist Friedrich Gaedcke in 1855. Gaedcke named the alkaloid "erythroxyline", and published a description in the journal Archiv der Pharmazie.[11]
In 1856, Friedrich Wöhler asked Dr. Carl Scherzer, a scientist aboard the Novara (an Austrian frigate sent by Emperor Franz Joseph to circle the globe), to bring him a large amount of coca leaves from South America. In 1859, the ship finished its travels and Wöhler received a trunk full of coca. Wöhler passed on the leaves to Albert Niemann, a Ph.D. student at the University of Göttingen in Germany, who then developed an improved purification process.[12]
Niemann described every step he took to isolate cocaine in his dissertation titled Über eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern (On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves), which was published in 1860—it earned him his Ph.D. and is now in the British Library. He wrote of the alkaloid's “colourless transparent prisms” and said that, “Its solutions have an alkaline reaction, a bitter taste, promote the flow of saliva and leave a peculiar numbness, followed by a sense of cold when applied to the tongue.” Niemann named the alkaloid “cocaine”—as with other alkaloids its name carried the “-ine” suffix (from Latin -ina).[12]
The first synthesis and elucidation of the structure of the cocaine molecule was by Richard Willstätter in 1898.[13] The synthesis started from tropinone, a related natural product and took five steps.
Medicalization
With the discovery of this new alkaloid, Western medicine was quick to exploit the possible uses of this plant.
In 1879, Vassili von Anrep, of the University of Würzburg, devised an experiment to demonstrate the analgesic properties of the newly-discovered alkaloid. He prepared two separate jars, one containing a cocaine-salt solution, with the other containing merely salt water. He then submerged a frog's legs into the two jars, one leg in the treatment and one in the control solution, and proceeded to stimulate the legs in several different ways. The leg that had been immersed in the cocaine solution reacted very differently than the leg that had been immersed in salt water.[14]
Carl Koller (a close associate of Sigmund Freud, who would write about cocaine later) experimented with cocaine for ophthalmic usage. In an infamous experiment in 1884, he experimented upon himself by applying a cocaine solution to his own eye and then pricking it with pins. His findings were presented to the Heidelberg Ophthalmological Society. Also in 1884, Jellinek demonstrated the effects of cocaine as a respiratory system anesthetic. In 1885, William Halsted demonstrated nerve-block anesthesia,[15] and James Corning demonstrated peridural anesthesia.[16] 1898 saw Heinrich Quincke use cocaine for spinal anesthesia.
Today, cocaine has very limited medical use. See the section Cocaine as a local anesthetic
Popularization
In 1859, an Italian doctor, Paolo Mantegazza, returned from Peru, where he had witnessed first-hand the use of coca by the natives. He proceeded to experiment on himself and upon his return to Milan he wrote a paper in which he described the effects. In this paper he declared coca and cocaine (at the time they were assumed to be the same) as being useful medicinally, in the treatment of “a furred tongue in the morning, flatulence, [and] whitening of the teeth.”
Pope Leo XIII purportedly carried a hipflask of the coca-treated Vin Mariani with him, and awarded a Vatican gold medal to Angelo Mariani.
A chemist named Angelo Mariani who read Mantegazza’s paper became immediately intrigued with coca and its economic potential. In 1863, Mariani started marketing a wine called Vin Mariani, which had been treated with coca leaves, to become cocawine. The ethanol in wine acted as a solvent and extracted the cocaine from the coca leaves, altering the drink’s effect. It contained 6 mg cocaine per ounce of wine, but Vin Mariani which was to be exported contained 7.2 mg per ounce, to compete with the higher cocaine content of similar drinks in the United States. A “pinch of coca leaves” was included in John Styth Pemberton's original 1886 recipe for Coca-Cola, though the company began using decocainized leaves in 1906 when the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed. The actual amount of cocaine that Coca-Cola contained during the first twenty years of its production is practically impossible to determine.[citation needed]
In 1879 cocaine began to be used to treat morphine addiction. Cocaine was introduced into clinical use as a local anesthetic in Germany in 1884, about the same time as Sigmund Freud published his work Über Coca, in which he wrote that cocaine causes
Apr 17, 2010
Addiction and google affiliate
"Addictive" redirects here. For other uses, see Addictive (disambiguation).
This article is about the concept of addiction. For other uses, see Addiction (disambiguation).
"-holic" and "-holism" redirect here. For the suffixes themselves, see -holic and -holism in Wiktionary. For the unrelated complete word, see Holism.
Bottle of heroin, an addictive drug
An addiction is a persistent behavioral pattern marked by physical and/or psychological dependency that causes significant disruption and negatively impacts the quality of life of an organism. Addictions are frequently linked to substance abuse, particularly psychoactive drugs such as narcotics, stimulants, and sedatives among others. It is common in coloquial English usage to extend the use of the term "addiction" to also encompass apparent compulsive behavior and passionate dedication to activities (such as hobbies) by analogy.
In medicine, an addiction is a chronic neurobiological disorder that has genetic, psychosocial, and environmental dimensions and is characterized by one of the following: the continued use of a substance despite its detrimental effects, impaired control over the use of a drug (compulsive behavior), and preoccupation with a drug's use for non-therapeutic purposes (i.e. craving the drug).[1]
Tolerance to a drug and physical dependence are not defining characteristics of addiction, although they typically accompany addiction to certain drugs. Tolerance is a pharmacologic phenomenon where the dose of a medication needs to be continually increased in order to maintain its desired effects.[2] For instance, individuals with severe chronic pain taking opiate medications (like morphine) will need to continually increase the dose in order to maintain the drug's analgesic (pain-relieving) effects. Physical dependence is also a pharmacologic property and means that if a certain drug is abruptly discontinued, an individual will experience certain characteristic withdrawal signs and symptoms.[2] Many drugs used for therapeutic purposes produce withdrawal symptoms when abruptly stopped, for instance oral steroids, certain antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and opiates.
However, common usage of the term addiction has spread to include psychological dependence.[citation needed] In this context, the term is used in drug addiction and substance abuse problems, but also refers to behaviors that are not generally recognized by the medical community as problems of addiction, such as compulsive overeating.
The term addiction is also sometimes applied to compulsions that are not substance-related, such as problem gambling and computer addiction. In these kinds of common usages, the term addiction is used to describe a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences, as deemed by the user himself to his individual health, mental state, or social life.
Not all doctors agree on the exact nature of addiction or dependency [3] however the biopsychosocial model is generally accepted in scientific fields as the most comprehensive model for addiction. Historically, addiction has been defined with regard solely to psychoactive substances (for example alcohol, tobacco and other drugs) which cross the blood-brain barrier once ingested, temporarily altering the chemical milieu of the brain. However, "studies on phenomenology, family history, and response to treatment suggest that intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, problem gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania may be related to mood disorders, alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse, and anxiety disorders (especially obsessive–compulsive disorder)."[4] However, such disorders are classified by the American Psychological Association as impulse control disorders and therefore not as addictions.
Many people, both psychology professionals and laypersons, now feel that there should be accommodation made to include psychological dependency on such things as gambling, food, sex, pornography, computers, work, exercise, spiritual obsession (as opposed to religious devotion), pain [1], cutting and shopping so these behaviors count as 'addictions' as well and cause guilt, shame, fear, hopelessness, failure, rejection, anxiety, or humiliation symptoms associated with, among other medical conditions, depression and epilepsy.[5][6][7][8] Although, the above mentioned are things or tasks which, when used or performed, do not fit into the traditional view of addiction and may be better defined as an obsessive–compulsive disorder, withdrawal symptoms may occur with abatement of such behaviors. It is said by those who adhere to a traditionalist view that these withdrawal-like symptoms are not strictly reflective of an addiction, but rather of a behavioral disorder. However, understanding of neural science, the brain, the nervous system, human behavior, and affective disorders has revealed "the impact of molecular biology in the mechanisms underlying developmental processes and in the pathogenesis of disease".[9] The use of thyroid hormones as an effective adjunct treatment for affective disorders has been studied over the past three decades and has been confirmed repeatedly.[10] Modern research into addiction is generally focused on Dopaminergic pathways. There is great and sometimes heated debate around the definition of addiction with parties falling into two main camps the Disease model of addiction and the behaviorists, explanations of various models can be found in the article on Drug rehabilitation.
[edit] Signs and symptoms
[edit] Varied forms of addiction
In the United States, physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances is outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV TR). It does not use the word 'addiction' at all. It has instead a section about Substance dependence:
"Substance dependence When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. This, along with Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders..."[11]
Terminology has become quite complicated in the field. Pharmacologists continue to speak of addiction from a physiologic standpoint (some call this a physical dependence); psychiatrists refer to the disease state as psychological dependence; most other physicians refer to the disease as addiction. The field of psychiatry is now considering,[citation needed] as they move from DSM-IV to DSM-V, transitioning from "substance dependence" to "addiction" as terminology for the disease state.
The medical community now makes a careful theoretical distinction between physical dependence (characterized by symptoms of withdrawal) and psychological dependence (or simply addiction). Addiction is now narrowly defined as "uncontrolled, compulsive use"; if there is no harm being suffered by, or damage done to, the patient or another party, then clinically it may be considered compulsive, but to the definition of some it is not categorized as 'addiction'. In practice, the two kinds of addiction are not always easy to distinguish. Addictions often have both physical and psychological components.
There is also a lesser known situation called pseudo-addiction.[12] A patient will exhibit drug-seeking behavior reminiscent of psychological addiction, but they tend to have genuine pain or other symptoms that have been under-treated. Unlike true psychological addiction, these behaviors tend to stop when the pain is adequately treated. The obsolete term physical addiction is deprecated, because of its connotations. In modern pain management with opioids physical dependence is nearly universal. While opiates are essential in the treatment of acute pain, the benefit of this class of medication in chronic pain is not well proven.[citation needed] Clearly, there are those who would not function well without opiate treatment; on the other hand, many states are noting significant increases in non-intentional deaths related to opiate use.[citation needed] High-quality, long-term studies are needed to better delineate the risks and benefits of chronic opiate use.[citation needed]
[edit] Physical dependency
Physical dependence on a substance is defined by the appearance of characteristic withdrawal symptoms when the substance is suddenly discontinued. Opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol and nicotine induce physical dependence. On the other hand, some categories of substances share this property and are still not considered addictive: cortisone, beta blockers and most antidepressants are examples. So, while physical dependency can be a major factor in the psychology of addiction and most often becomes a primary motivator in the continuation of an addiction, the initial primary attribution of an addictive substance is usually its ability to induce pleasure, although with continued use the goal is not so much to induce pleasure as it is to relieve the anxiety caused by the absence of a given addictive substance, causing it to become used compulsively.
Some substances induce physical dependence or physiological tolerance - but not addiction — for example many laxatives, which are not psychoactive; nasal decongestants, which can cause rebound congestion if used for more than a few days in a row; and some antidepressants, most notably venlafaxine, paroxetine and sertraline, as they have quite short half-lives, so stopping them abruptly causes a more rapid change in the neurotransmitter balance in the brain than many other antidepressants. Many non-addictive prescription drugs should not be suddenly stopped, so a doctor should be consulted before abruptly discontinuing them.
The speed with which a given individual becomes addicted to various substances varies with the substance, the frequency of use, the means of ingestion, the intensity of pleasure or euphoria, and the individual's genetic and psychological susceptibility. Some people may exhibit alcoholic tendencies from the moment of first intoxication, while most people can drink socially without ever becoming addicted. Opioid dependent individuals have different responses to even low doses of opioids than the majority of people, although this may be due to a variety of other factors, as opioid use heavily stimulates pleasure-inducing neurotransmitters in the brain. Nonetheless, because of these variations, in addition to the adoption and twin studies that have been well replicated, much of the medical community is satisfied that addiction is in part genetically moderated. That is, one's genetic makeup may regulate how susceptible one is to a substance and how easily one may become psychologically attached to a pleasurable routine.
Eating disorders are complicated pathological mental illnesses and thus are not the same as addictions described in this article. Eating disorders, which some argue are not addictions at all, are driven by a multitude of factors, most of which are highly different than the factors behind addictions described in this article. It has been reported, however, that patients with eating disorders can successfully be treated with the same non-pharmacological protocols used in patients with chemical addiction disorders.[13] Gambling is another potentially addictive behavior with some biological overlap. Conversely gambling urges have emerged with the administration of Mirapex (pramipexole), a dopamine agonist.[14]
The DSM definition of addiction can be boiled down to compulsive use of a substance (or engagement in an activity) despite ongoing negative consequences—this is also a summary of what used to be called "psychological dependency." Physical dependence, on the other hand, is simply needing a substance to function. Humans are all physically dependent on oxygen, food and water. A drug can cause physical dependence and not addiction (for example, some blood pressure medications, which can produce fatal withdrawal symptoms if not tapered) and can cause addiction without physical dependence (the withdrawal symptoms associated with cocaine are all psychological, there is no associated vomiting or diarrhea as there is with opioid withdrawal).
In the now outdated conceptualization of the problem, psychological dependency leads to psychological withdrawal symptoms (such as cravings, irritability, insomnia, depression, anorexia, etc). Addiction can in theory be derived from any rewarding behaviour, and is believed to be strongly associated with the dopaminergic system of the brain's reward system (as in the case of cocaine and amphetamines). Some claim that it is a habitual means to avoid undesired activity, but typically it is only so to a clinical level in individuals who have emotional, social, or psychological dysfunctions (psychological addiction is defined as such), replacing normal positive stimuli not otherwise attained.
A person who is physically dependent, but not psychologically dependent can have their dose slowly dropped until they are no longer physically dependent. However, if that person is psychologically dependent, they are still at serious risk for relapse into abuse and subsequent physical dependence.
Psychological dependence does not have to be limited only to substances; even activities and behavioural patterns can be considered addictions, if they become uncontrollable, e.g. problem gambling, Internet addiction, computer addiction, sexual addiction / pornography addiction, overeating, self-injury, compulsive buying, or work addiction.
[edit] Management
Early editions of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) described addiction as a physical dependency to a substance that resulted in withdrawal symptoms in its absence. Recent editions, including DSM-IV, have moved toward a diagnostic instrument that classifies such conditions as dependency, rather than addiction. The American Society of Addiction Medicine recommends treatment for people with chemical dependency based on patient placement criteria (currently listed in PPC-2), which attempt to match levels of care according to clinical assessments in six areas, including:
* Acute intoxication and/or withdrawal potential
* Biomedical conditions or complications
* Emotional/behavioral conditions or complications
* Treatment acceptance/resistance
* Relapse potential
* Recovery environment
Some medical systems, including those of at least 15 states of the United States, refer to an Addiction Severity Index[15] to assess the severity of problems related to substance use. The index assesses problems in six areas: medical, employment/support, alcohol and other drug use, legal, family/social, and psychiatric.
While addiction or dependency is related to seemingly uncontrollable urges, and arguably could have roots in genetic predispositions, treatment of dependency is conducted by a wide range of medical and allied professionals, including Addiction Medicine specialists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and appropriately trained nurses, social workers, and counselors. Early treatment of acute withdrawal often includes medical detoxification, which can include doses of anxiolytics or narcotics to reduce symptoms of withdrawal. An experimental drug, ibogaine,[16] is also proposed to treat withdrawal and craving. Alternatives to medical detoxification include acupuncture detoxification. A wide variety of controlled clinical trials, outcome summaries and anecdotal reports about the use of acupuncture in addiction treatment have been appearing since the 1970s in journals specializing in addictions, mental health, public health, criminal justice and acupuncture. These reports differed vastly in terms of methodology, populations studied, statistical sophistication and clinical relevance as well as in their findings about the value of acupuncture. A sub-category of this published work has focused specifically on acupuncture detoxification. Neurofeedback therapy has shown statistically significant improvements in numerous researches [2] conducted on alcoholic as well as mixed substance abuse population. In chronic opiate addiction, a surrogate drug such as methadone is sometimes offered as a form of opiate replacement therapy. But treatment approaches universal focus on the individual's ultimate choice to pursue an alternate course of action.
Therapists often classify patients with chemical dependencies as either interested or not interested in changing. Treatments usually involve planning for specific ways to avoid the addictive stimulus, and therapeutic interventions intended to help a client learn healthier ways to find satisfaction. Clinical leaders in recent years have attempted to tailor intervention approaches to specific influences that affect addictive behavior, using therapeutic interviews in an effort to discover factors that led a person to embrace unhealthy, addictive sources of pleasure or relief from pain.
Treatment Modality Matrix
Behavioral Pattern Intervention Goals
Low self-esteem, anxiety, verbal hostility Relationship therapy, client centered approach Increase self esteem, reduce hostility and anxiety
Defective personal constructs, ignorance of interpersonal means Cognitive restructuring including directive and group therapies Insight
Focal anxiety such as fear of crowds Desensitization Change response to same cue
Undesirable behaviors, lacking appropriate behaviors Aversive conditioning, operant conditioning, counter conditioning Eliminate or replace behavior
Lack of information Provide information Have client act on information
Difficult social circumstances Organizational intervention, environmental manipulation, family counseling Remove cause of social difficulty
Poor social performance, rigid interpersonal behavior Sensitivity training, communication training, group therapy Increase interpersonal repertoire, desensitization to group functioning
Grossly bizarre behavior Medical referral Protect from society, prepare for further treatment
Adapted from: Essentials of Clinical Dependency Counseling, Aspen Publishers
From the applied behavior analysis literature and the behavioral psychology literature several evidenced based intervention programs have emerged (1) behavioral maritial therapy (2) community reinforcement approach (3) cue exposure therapy and (4) contingency management strategies.[17][18] In addition, the same author suggest that Social skills training adjunctive to inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence is probably efficacious.
This article is about the concept of addiction. For other uses, see Addiction (disambiguation).
"-holic" and "-holism" redirect here. For the suffixes themselves, see -holic and -holism in Wiktionary. For the unrelated complete word, see Holism.
Bottle of heroin, an addictive drug
An addiction is a persistent behavioral pattern marked by physical and/or psychological dependency that causes significant disruption and negatively impacts the quality of life of an organism. Addictions are frequently linked to substance abuse, particularly psychoactive drugs such as narcotics, stimulants, and sedatives among others. It is common in coloquial English usage to extend the use of the term "addiction" to also encompass apparent compulsive behavior and passionate dedication to activities (such as hobbies) by analogy.
In medicine, an addiction is a chronic neurobiological disorder that has genetic, psychosocial, and environmental dimensions and is characterized by one of the following: the continued use of a substance despite its detrimental effects, impaired control over the use of a drug (compulsive behavior), and preoccupation with a drug's use for non-therapeutic purposes (i.e. craving the drug).[1]
Tolerance to a drug and physical dependence are not defining characteristics of addiction, although they typically accompany addiction to certain drugs. Tolerance is a pharmacologic phenomenon where the dose of a medication needs to be continually increased in order to maintain its desired effects.[2] For instance, individuals with severe chronic pain taking opiate medications (like morphine) will need to continually increase the dose in order to maintain the drug's analgesic (pain-relieving) effects. Physical dependence is also a pharmacologic property and means that if a certain drug is abruptly discontinued, an individual will experience certain characteristic withdrawal signs and symptoms.[2] Many drugs used for therapeutic purposes produce withdrawal symptoms when abruptly stopped, for instance oral steroids, certain antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and opiates.
However, common usage of the term addiction has spread to include psychological dependence.[citation needed] In this context, the term is used in drug addiction and substance abuse problems, but also refers to behaviors that are not generally recognized by the medical community as problems of addiction, such as compulsive overeating.
The term addiction is also sometimes applied to compulsions that are not substance-related, such as problem gambling and computer addiction. In these kinds of common usages, the term addiction is used to describe a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences, as deemed by the user himself to his individual health, mental state, or social life.
Not all doctors agree on the exact nature of addiction or dependency [3] however the biopsychosocial model is generally accepted in scientific fields as the most comprehensive model for addiction. Historically, addiction has been defined with regard solely to psychoactive substances (for example alcohol, tobacco and other drugs) which cross the blood-brain barrier once ingested, temporarily altering the chemical milieu of the brain. However, "studies on phenomenology, family history, and response to treatment suggest that intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, problem gambling, pyromania, and trichotillomania may be related to mood disorders, alcohol and psychoactive substance abuse, and anxiety disorders (especially obsessive–compulsive disorder)."[4] However, such disorders are classified by the American Psychological Association as impulse control disorders and therefore not as addictions.
Many people, both psychology professionals and laypersons, now feel that there should be accommodation made to include psychological dependency on such things as gambling, food, sex, pornography, computers, work, exercise, spiritual obsession (as opposed to religious devotion), pain [1], cutting and shopping so these behaviors count as 'addictions' as well and cause guilt, shame, fear, hopelessness, failure, rejection, anxiety, or humiliation symptoms associated with, among other medical conditions, depression and epilepsy.[5][6][7][8] Although, the above mentioned are things or tasks which, when used or performed, do not fit into the traditional view of addiction and may be better defined as an obsessive–compulsive disorder, withdrawal symptoms may occur with abatement of such behaviors. It is said by those who adhere to a traditionalist view that these withdrawal-like symptoms are not strictly reflective of an addiction, but rather of a behavioral disorder. However, understanding of neural science, the brain, the nervous system, human behavior, and affective disorders has revealed "the impact of molecular biology in the mechanisms underlying developmental processes and in the pathogenesis of disease".[9] The use of thyroid hormones as an effective adjunct treatment for affective disorders has been studied over the past three decades and has been confirmed repeatedly.[10] Modern research into addiction is generally focused on Dopaminergic pathways. There is great and sometimes heated debate around the definition of addiction with parties falling into two main camps the Disease model of addiction and the behaviorists, explanations of various models can be found in the article on Drug rehabilitation.
[edit] Signs and symptoms
[edit] Varied forms of addiction
In the United States, physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances is outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV TR). It does not use the word 'addiction' at all. It has instead a section about Substance dependence:
"Substance dependence When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. This, along with Substance Abuse are considered Substance Use Disorders..."[11]
Terminology has become quite complicated in the field. Pharmacologists continue to speak of addiction from a physiologic standpoint (some call this a physical dependence); psychiatrists refer to the disease state as psychological dependence; most other physicians refer to the disease as addiction. The field of psychiatry is now considering,[citation needed] as they move from DSM-IV to DSM-V, transitioning from "substance dependence" to "addiction" as terminology for the disease state.
The medical community now makes a careful theoretical distinction between physical dependence (characterized by symptoms of withdrawal) and psychological dependence (or simply addiction). Addiction is now narrowly defined as "uncontrolled, compulsive use"; if there is no harm being suffered by, or damage done to, the patient or another party, then clinically it may be considered compulsive, but to the definition of some it is not categorized as 'addiction'. In practice, the two kinds of addiction are not always easy to distinguish. Addictions often have both physical and psychological components.
There is also a lesser known situation called pseudo-addiction.[12] A patient will exhibit drug-seeking behavior reminiscent of psychological addiction, but they tend to have genuine pain or other symptoms that have been under-treated. Unlike true psychological addiction, these behaviors tend to stop when the pain is adequately treated. The obsolete term physical addiction is deprecated, because of its connotations. In modern pain management with opioids physical dependence is nearly universal. While opiates are essential in the treatment of acute pain, the benefit of this class of medication in chronic pain is not well proven.[citation needed] Clearly, there are those who would not function well without opiate treatment; on the other hand, many states are noting significant increases in non-intentional deaths related to opiate use.[citation needed] High-quality, long-term studies are needed to better delineate the risks and benefits of chronic opiate use.[citation needed]
[edit] Physical dependency
Physical dependence on a substance is defined by the appearance of characteristic withdrawal symptoms when the substance is suddenly discontinued. Opiates, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, alcohol and nicotine induce physical dependence. On the other hand, some categories of substances share this property and are still not considered addictive: cortisone, beta blockers and most antidepressants are examples. So, while physical dependency can be a major factor in the psychology of addiction and most often becomes a primary motivator in the continuation of an addiction, the initial primary attribution of an addictive substance is usually its ability to induce pleasure, although with continued use the goal is not so much to induce pleasure as it is to relieve the anxiety caused by the absence of a given addictive substance, causing it to become used compulsively.
Some substances induce physical dependence or physiological tolerance - but not addiction — for example many laxatives, which are not psychoactive; nasal decongestants, which can cause rebound congestion if used for more than a few days in a row; and some antidepressants, most notably venlafaxine, paroxetine and sertraline, as they have quite short half-lives, so stopping them abruptly causes a more rapid change in the neurotransmitter balance in the brain than many other antidepressants. Many non-addictive prescription drugs should not be suddenly stopped, so a doctor should be consulted before abruptly discontinuing them.
The speed with which a given individual becomes addicted to various substances varies with the substance, the frequency of use, the means of ingestion, the intensity of pleasure or euphoria, and the individual's genetic and psychological susceptibility. Some people may exhibit alcoholic tendencies from the moment of first intoxication, while most people can drink socially without ever becoming addicted. Opioid dependent individuals have different responses to even low doses of opioids than the majority of people, although this may be due to a variety of other factors, as opioid use heavily stimulates pleasure-inducing neurotransmitters in the brain. Nonetheless, because of these variations, in addition to the adoption and twin studies that have been well replicated, much of the medical community is satisfied that addiction is in part genetically moderated. That is, one's genetic makeup may regulate how susceptible one is to a substance and how easily one may become psychologically attached to a pleasurable routine.
Eating disorders are complicated pathological mental illnesses and thus are not the same as addictions described in this article. Eating disorders, which some argue are not addictions at all, are driven by a multitude of factors, most of which are highly different than the factors behind addictions described in this article. It has been reported, however, that patients with eating disorders can successfully be treated with the same non-pharmacological protocols used in patients with chemical addiction disorders.[13] Gambling is another potentially addictive behavior with some biological overlap. Conversely gambling urges have emerged with the administration of Mirapex (pramipexole), a dopamine agonist.[14]
The DSM definition of addiction can be boiled down to compulsive use of a substance (or engagement in an activity) despite ongoing negative consequences—this is also a summary of what used to be called "psychological dependency." Physical dependence, on the other hand, is simply needing a substance to function. Humans are all physically dependent on oxygen, food and water. A drug can cause physical dependence and not addiction (for example, some blood pressure medications, which can produce fatal withdrawal symptoms if not tapered) and can cause addiction without physical dependence (the withdrawal symptoms associated with cocaine are all psychological, there is no associated vomiting or diarrhea as there is with opioid withdrawal).
In the now outdated conceptualization of the problem, psychological dependency leads to psychological withdrawal symptoms (such as cravings, irritability, insomnia, depression, anorexia, etc). Addiction can in theory be derived from any rewarding behaviour, and is believed to be strongly associated with the dopaminergic system of the brain's reward system (as in the case of cocaine and amphetamines). Some claim that it is a habitual means to avoid undesired activity, but typically it is only so to a clinical level in individuals who have emotional, social, or psychological dysfunctions (psychological addiction is defined as such), replacing normal positive stimuli not otherwise attained.
A person who is physically dependent, but not psychologically dependent can have their dose slowly dropped until they are no longer physically dependent. However, if that person is psychologically dependent, they are still at serious risk for relapse into abuse and subsequent physical dependence.
Psychological dependence does not have to be limited only to substances; even activities and behavioural patterns can be considered addictions, if they become uncontrollable, e.g. problem gambling, Internet addiction, computer addiction, sexual addiction / pornography addiction, overeating, self-injury, compulsive buying, or work addiction.
[edit] Management
Early editions of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) described addiction as a physical dependency to a substance that resulted in withdrawal symptoms in its absence. Recent editions, including DSM-IV, have moved toward a diagnostic instrument that classifies such conditions as dependency, rather than addiction. The American Society of Addiction Medicine recommends treatment for people with chemical dependency based on patient placement criteria (currently listed in PPC-2), which attempt to match levels of care according to clinical assessments in six areas, including:
* Acute intoxication and/or withdrawal potential
* Biomedical conditions or complications
* Emotional/behavioral conditions or complications
* Treatment acceptance/resistance
* Relapse potential
* Recovery environment
Some medical systems, including those of at least 15 states of the United States, refer to an Addiction Severity Index[15] to assess the severity of problems related to substance use. The index assesses problems in six areas: medical, employment/support, alcohol and other drug use, legal, family/social, and psychiatric.
While addiction or dependency is related to seemingly uncontrollable urges, and arguably could have roots in genetic predispositions, treatment of dependency is conducted by a wide range of medical and allied professionals, including Addiction Medicine specialists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and appropriately trained nurses, social workers, and counselors. Early treatment of acute withdrawal often includes medical detoxification, which can include doses of anxiolytics or narcotics to reduce symptoms of withdrawal. An experimental drug, ibogaine,[16] is also proposed to treat withdrawal and craving. Alternatives to medical detoxification include acupuncture detoxification. A wide variety of controlled clinical trials, outcome summaries and anecdotal reports about the use of acupuncture in addiction treatment have been appearing since the 1970s in journals specializing in addictions, mental health, public health, criminal justice and acupuncture. These reports differed vastly in terms of methodology, populations studied, statistical sophistication and clinical relevance as well as in their findings about the value of acupuncture. A sub-category of this published work has focused specifically on acupuncture detoxification. Neurofeedback therapy has shown statistically significant improvements in numerous researches [2] conducted on alcoholic as well as mixed substance abuse population. In chronic opiate addiction, a surrogate drug such as methadone is sometimes offered as a form of opiate replacement therapy. But treatment approaches universal focus on the individual's ultimate choice to pursue an alternate course of action.
Therapists often classify patients with chemical dependencies as either interested or not interested in changing. Treatments usually involve planning for specific ways to avoid the addictive stimulus, and therapeutic interventions intended to help a client learn healthier ways to find satisfaction. Clinical leaders in recent years have attempted to tailor intervention approaches to specific influences that affect addictive behavior, using therapeutic interviews in an effort to discover factors that led a person to embrace unhealthy, addictive sources of pleasure or relief from pain.
Treatment Modality Matrix
Behavioral Pattern Intervention Goals
Low self-esteem, anxiety, verbal hostility Relationship therapy, client centered approach Increase self esteem, reduce hostility and anxiety
Defective personal constructs, ignorance of interpersonal means Cognitive restructuring including directive and group therapies Insight
Focal anxiety such as fear of crowds Desensitization Change response to same cue
Undesirable behaviors, lacking appropriate behaviors Aversive conditioning, operant conditioning, counter conditioning Eliminate or replace behavior
Lack of information Provide information Have client act on information
Difficult social circumstances Organizational intervention, environmental manipulation, family counseling Remove cause of social difficulty
Poor social performance, rigid interpersonal behavior Sensitivity training, communication training, group therapy Increase interpersonal repertoire, desensitization to group functioning
Grossly bizarre behavior Medical referral Protect from society, prepare for further treatment
Adapted from: Essentials of Clinical Dependency Counseling, Aspen Publishers
From the applied behavior analysis literature and the behavioral psychology literature several evidenced based intervention programs have emerged (1) behavioral maritial therapy (2) community reinforcement approach (3) cue exposure therapy and (4) contingency management strategies.[17][18] In addition, the same author suggest that Social skills training adjunctive to inpatient treatment of alcohol dependence is probably efficacious.
Apr 16, 2010
free money and google affiliate
As hard as it is to believe, there are actually many places online that give you free money. Some are real easy free money, you just have to open a free account to get free money. One of the most popular sources of free money online is through get paid to surf programs, where you actually get paid to surf the web, listen to the radio, chat online, read email, etc. Other sources of free money are free lotto sites that payout million dollar jackpots. You can also play fun free online games that give the winner real cash and prizes. Another source of free money is through free cash back programs that give you free money for opening an account or shopping.
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Be sure to add this page to your favorites (press CTRL-D) and check back often because we are constantly updating this site with new free money programs.
Free money categories:
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* Best Credit Card Deals (apply for a card and get free money)
* Free Cash Back Bonuses (free cash back for shopping or opening accounts)
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* Get Paid to Surf (the Web, read email, listen to the radio, etc.)
* Get Paid to Surf the Web Tips and Tricks for Succes
make money online and google affiliate
Free Training - Make Money Online
Posted by Alan Liew | 8:40 AM
0 comments
Last week I posted about a live training event that you can attend to learn about how to make money online, many have joined the event. if you have missed it, here's a replay:
http://www.trainmetoblog.com/tmtb-reg.html
You'll get to listen to several dozen Questions that Affiliate Marketing & Internet Marketing Expert Michael S. Brown took the time to answer.
Make sure to watch the event from start to finish at it will really open your eyes to exactly how to make money Online.
Michael also agreed that even if you watch the replay you may still submit him questions and he'll answer you!
There is not a better way to learn to make money online than from someone who earns their entire living on the Internet!
http://www.trainmetoblog.com/tmtb-reg.html
Posted by Alan Liew | 8:40 AM
0 comments
Last week I posted about a live training event that you can attend to learn about how to make money online, many have joined the event. if you have missed it, here's a replay:
http://www.trainmetoblog.com/tmtb-reg.html
You'll get to listen to several dozen Questions that Affiliate Marketing & Internet Marketing Expert Michael S. Brown took the time to answer.
Make sure to watch the event from start to finish at it will really open your eyes to exactly how to make money Online.
Michael also agreed that even if you watch the replay you may still submit him questions and he'll answer you!
There is not a better way to learn to make money online than from someone who earns their entire living on the Internet!
http://www.trainmetoblog.com/tmtb-reg.html
life love and google affiliate
Sometimes we just sort of fall into a dull place in life. We could really use something fresh and fun to invigorate us, awaken our senses, and revitalize our moods. If you feel like you just need something new and exciting to jumpstart your mood, you will be happy to find this list of fresh ways to revamp your mood with little or no change in your daily routine
There are two kinds of people in the world: the glitterati and everyone else. Mark has introduced a product for both.
Just in time for summer, New Glowdacious Illuminating Powder is a pressed powder that enhances skin tone by brightening and illuminating. It comes in three colors: 'Prettied Up' (light), 'Shimmied Up' (medium), and 'Amped Up' (dark). Each color comes in three shades pressed into one compact. Mark suggests the best effect is from blending all three onto your brush, but you can use individual shades as subtle eye color, or for illuminating specific areas.
o you know when the first Earth Day occurred or who was behind it? Well, the very first Earth Day happened forty years ago on April 22 in 1970. However, Senator Gaylord Nelson, the founder of Earth Day, started worrying over the state of our environment in 1962. At that time, he sought and received assistance from President John F. Kennedy as well as Attorney General Robert Kennedy in getting some visibility for the issue of environmental concerns. This was the beginning of what eventually flourished into what we now celebrate - Earth Day.
As spring arrives bringing the soft tread of make-believe Easter bunnies and the sweet taste of delicious Easter candy favorites, most women take stock of their spring wardrobe with an eye toward updating it with a few fashionable accessories. Whether they take note of what the hottest celebrities are wearing these days or simply look through the shops and boutiques looking for trendy new favorites, most females are going to be tempted by more than a few new accessories to brighten up their wardrobes.
Signature cocktails and themed alcoholic beverages are becoming a common fixture at many special events these days, especially weddings. From the cleverly named bride and groom signature drink to the fancy and tropical signature cocktail or margarita at the destination wedding, you really can match your event’s bar offerings to your own and your guests’ tastes
There are two kinds of people in the world: the glitterati and everyone else. Mark has introduced a product for both.
Just in time for summer, New Glowdacious Illuminating Powder is a pressed powder that enhances skin tone by brightening and illuminating. It comes in three colors: 'Prettied Up' (light), 'Shimmied Up' (medium), and 'Amped Up' (dark). Each color comes in three shades pressed into one compact. Mark suggests the best effect is from blending all three onto your brush, but you can use individual shades as subtle eye color, or for illuminating specific areas.
o you know when the first Earth Day occurred or who was behind it? Well, the very first Earth Day happened forty years ago on April 22 in 1970. However, Senator Gaylord Nelson, the founder of Earth Day, started worrying over the state of our environment in 1962. At that time, he sought and received assistance from President John F. Kennedy as well as Attorney General Robert Kennedy in getting some visibility for the issue of environmental concerns. This was the beginning of what eventually flourished into what we now celebrate - Earth Day.
As spring arrives bringing the soft tread of make-believe Easter bunnies and the sweet taste of delicious Easter candy favorites, most women take stock of their spring wardrobe with an eye toward updating it with a few fashionable accessories. Whether they take note of what the hottest celebrities are wearing these days or simply look through the shops and boutiques looking for trendy new favorites, most females are going to be tempted by more than a few new accessories to brighten up their wardrobes.
Signature cocktails and themed alcoholic beverages are becoming a common fixture at many special events these days, especially weddings. From the cleverly named bride and groom signature drink to the fancy and tropical signature cocktail or margarita at the destination wedding, you really can match your event’s bar offerings to your own and your guests’ tastes
funny and google affiliate
Test for Dementia
Below are four (4 ) questions and a bonus question. You have to answer them instantly You can't take your time, answer all of them immediately . OK?
Let's find out just how clever you really are....
Ready? GO!!! (scroll down)
First Question:
You are participating in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Answer: If you answered that you are first, then you are absolutely wrong! If you overtake the second person and you take his place, you are second!
Try not to screw up next time. Now answer the second question, but don't take as much time as you took for the first question, OK ?
Second Question: If you overtake the last person, then you are...? (scroll down)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Answer: If you answered that you are second to last, then you are wrong again. Tell me, how can you overtake the LAST person?
You're not very good at this, are you?
Third Question: Very tricky arithmetic! Note: This must be done in your head only . Do NOT use paper and pencil or a calculator. Try it.
Take 1000 and add 40 to it. Now add another 1000 . Now add 30 . Add another 1000 . Now add 20 . Now add another 1000 . Now add 10 . What is the total?
Scroll down for answer.....
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Did you get 5000 ?
The correct answer is actually 4100.
If you don't believe it, check it with a calculator! Today is definitely not your day, is it? Maybe you'll get the last question right.... Maybe.
Fourth Question:
Mary's father has five daughters: 1. Nana, 2. Nene, 3. Nini, 4. Nono. What is the name of the fifth daughter?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Did you Answer Nunu? NO! Of course it isn't. Her name is Mary. Read the question again!
Okay, now the bonus round:
A mute person goes into a shop and wants to buy a toothbrush. By imitating the action of brushing his teeth he successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and the purchase is done. Next, a blind man comes into the shop who wants to buy a pair of sunglasses; how does HE indicate what he wants?
Below are four (4 ) questions and a bonus question. You have to answer them instantly You can't take your time, answer all of them immediately . OK?
Let's find out just how clever you really are....
Ready? GO!!! (scroll down)
First Question:
You are participating in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Answer: If you answered that you are first, then you are absolutely wrong! If you overtake the second person and you take his place, you are second!
Try not to screw up next time. Now answer the second question, but don't take as much time as you took for the first question, OK ?
Second Question: If you overtake the last person, then you are...? (scroll down)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Answer: If you answered that you are second to last, then you are wrong again. Tell me, how can you overtake the LAST person?
You're not very good at this, are you?
Third Question: Very tricky arithmetic! Note: This must be done in your head only . Do NOT use paper and pencil or a calculator. Try it.
Take 1000 and add 40 to it. Now add another 1000 . Now add 30 . Add another 1000 . Now add 20 . Now add another 1000 . Now add 10 . What is the total?
Scroll down for answer.....
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Did you get 5000 ?
The correct answer is actually 4100.
If you don't believe it, check it with a calculator! Today is definitely not your day, is it? Maybe you'll get the last question right.... Maybe.
Fourth Question:
Mary's father has five daughters: 1. Nana, 2. Nene, 3. Nini, 4. Nono. What is the name of the fifth daughter?
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Did you Answer Nunu? NO! Of course it isn't. Her name is Mary. Read the question again!
Okay, now the bonus round:
A mute person goes into a shop and wants to buy a toothbrush. By imitating the action of brushing his teeth he successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and the purchase is done. Next, a blind man comes into the shop who wants to buy a pair of sunglasses; how does HE indicate what he wants?
funny jokes and google affiliate
We had gay burgalars once. They broke in and rearranged the furniture.
A friend will call you in Jail. A good friend will visit you in Jail. A best friend will be sitting next to you in Jail saying..."THAT WAS AWESOME!"
Blue whales can produce over 400 gallons of sperm in one ejaculation. Only 10% of that makes it to the mate. That means that 360 gallons of sperm are let into the ocean every time a whale ejaculates. Try not to swallow to much ocean water... and maybe females should refrain from swimming... I wonder if they can get pregnant with whale babies??
Me no here. Me go bye. Leave me message. Me reply. Leave good message. Me reply fast. But if me no like you, kiss my ass.
A B C D E F G, Gummie Bears are after me!!!! One is Red, one is Blue, a Yellow one just stole my shoe!
There are three kinds of people in the world... those who can count, and those who can't.
Only in America do they leave the doors of the bank open, but chain the pens to the desk.
My whipped iced dairy drink brings the attentions of many males to my place of residence and/or employment, and they declare that its quality far surpasses that of yours. Absolutely, it far surpasses yours. I could convey to you the proverbial recipe, but I would have to demand compensation.
Why is a carrot more orange than an orange?
Can you grow birds by planting birdseed?
One time I tried to drown my fish... It didn't work too well.
If you are the cable company, I already sent the money. If you are my family, please give me money. If you are my employer, you didn't pay me enough money. If you are my friends, you owe me money. If you are a female, don't worry, I have plenty of money.
Dashing through the snow, in a pair of broken skis, screaming as I go, ramming into trees,(boomboomboom) snow is turning red, I think I'm almost dead, someone call an ambulance, 'cause I need a hospital bed. Oh, Jingle bells...
Sorry, but I'm away right now. Please leave your name, phone number, where you live, where you hide your money, and the times in which you're not home, and I'll get right back to you.
My doctor is so stupid. He says that I have a condition called ADD. He told me that it stood for Attention Def- Hey look! A butterfly!
Last night, when I was camping, I was looking up at the stars wondering... WHERE THE HECK IS MY CEILING???
Silence is golden. Duct tape is silver.
I am currently alphabetizing my M&M's. Can you tell me what letter to start with?
My keyboard is racist. It has a +, but no Star of David key.
Booty Shakin* Heart Brakin* Madd Hott* Never stop* Short Skirt* Luv 2 flirt* Tyte Jeans* Curvy Hips* Glossed Lips* High Class* Nice Ass* Bangin Style* Sexy Smile* Luscious Thighs* Candy Eyes* Temptin Lips* KilLa Kiss* Tell me can u handle this?
Searching for friends on EBay!
Downloading life... 30%...60%...90%...Complete. Downloading good looks... 0%....0%....0%....0%... - Geek reality
Remember, when someone annoys you, it takes 42 muscles to frown, BUT, only takes 4 muscles to bitch-slap that little fuck upside the head.
Beer, Drugs, Rock n Roll - Speed, Weed, Birth Control - Life's a bitch and then you die, So fuck this shit - let's get high!
Love is a sensation caused by a temptation for a guy to stick his location into a girl's destination for a generation and hope for duplication. Do you understand this explanation, or do u need a demonstration?
If you sleep with a girl without protection, you're having sex with everyone your partner had sex with before. So, if your girlfriend slept with a guy, who slept with your ex g/f, who you slept with, technically you could be screwing yourself
A friend will call you in Jail. A good friend will visit you in Jail. A best friend will be sitting next to you in Jail saying..."THAT WAS AWESOME!"
Blue whales can produce over 400 gallons of sperm in one ejaculation. Only 10% of that makes it to the mate. That means that 360 gallons of sperm are let into the ocean every time a whale ejaculates. Try not to swallow to much ocean water... and maybe females should refrain from swimming... I wonder if they can get pregnant with whale babies??
Me no here. Me go bye. Leave me message. Me reply. Leave good message. Me reply fast. But if me no like you, kiss my ass.
A B C D E F G, Gummie Bears are after me!!!! One is Red, one is Blue, a Yellow one just stole my shoe!
There are three kinds of people in the world... those who can count, and those who can't.
Only in America do they leave the doors of the bank open, but chain the pens to the desk.
My whipped iced dairy drink brings the attentions of many males to my place of residence and/or employment, and they declare that its quality far surpasses that of yours. Absolutely, it far surpasses yours. I could convey to you the proverbial recipe, but I would have to demand compensation.
Why is a carrot more orange than an orange?
Can you grow birds by planting birdseed?
One time I tried to drown my fish... It didn't work too well.
If you are the cable company, I already sent the money. If you are my family, please give me money. If you are my employer, you didn't pay me enough money. If you are my friends, you owe me money. If you are a female, don't worry, I have plenty of money.
Dashing through the snow, in a pair of broken skis, screaming as I go, ramming into trees,(boomboomboom) snow is turning red, I think I'm almost dead, someone call an ambulance, 'cause I need a hospital bed. Oh, Jingle bells...
Sorry, but I'm away right now. Please leave your name, phone number, where you live, where you hide your money, and the times in which you're not home, and I'll get right back to you.
My doctor is so stupid. He says that I have a condition called ADD. He told me that it stood for Attention Def- Hey look! A butterfly!
Last night, when I was camping, I was looking up at the stars wondering... WHERE THE HECK IS MY CEILING???
Silence is golden. Duct tape is silver.
I am currently alphabetizing my M&M's. Can you tell me what letter to start with?
My keyboard is racist. It has a +, but no Star of David key.
Booty Shakin* Heart Brakin* Madd Hott* Never stop* Short Skirt* Luv 2 flirt* Tyte Jeans* Curvy Hips* Glossed Lips* High Class* Nice Ass* Bangin Style* Sexy Smile* Luscious Thighs* Candy Eyes* Temptin Lips* KilLa Kiss* Tell me can u handle this?
Searching for friends on EBay!
Downloading life... 30%...60%...90%...Complete. Downloading good looks... 0%....0%....0%....0%... - Geek reality
Remember, when someone annoys you, it takes 42 muscles to frown, BUT, only takes 4 muscles to bitch-slap that little fuck upside the head.
Beer, Drugs, Rock n Roll - Speed, Weed, Birth Control - Life's a bitch and then you die, So fuck this shit - let's get high!
Love is a sensation caused by a temptation for a guy to stick his location into a girl's destination for a generation and hope for duplication. Do you understand this explanation, or do u need a demonstration?
If you sleep with a girl without protection, you're having sex with everyone your partner had sex with before. So, if your girlfriend slept with a guy, who slept with your ex g/f, who you slept with, technically you could be screwing yourself
you love and google affiliate
* I can be myself when I am with you.
* Your idea of romance is dim lights, soft music, and just the two of us.
* Because you make me feel like, like, like I have never felt before.
* I can tell you anything, and you won't be shocked.
romance
undying faith
* Your undying faith is what keeps the flame out of love alive
* You and me together, we can make magic.
* We're a perfect match.
* Thinking of you, fills me with a wonderful feeling.
* Your love gives me the feeling, that the best is still ahead.
* You never give up on me, and that's what keeps me going.
* You are simply irresistible
* I love you because you bring the best out of me.
propose
sense of humor
* Your terrific sense of humor
* Every time I look at you, my heart misses a beatheart
* You're the one who holds the key to my heart
* You always say what I need to hear (You are perfect).
* You have taught me the true meaning of love.
* Love is, what you mean to me - and you mean everything.
* You are my theme for a dream.
* I have had the time of my life and I owe it all to you.
* When I look into your eyes, I can see your heart.
* Your love for me is a natural anti-depressant.
love
by my side
* I love to hear your voice.
* Your love has helped me to rediscover myself.
* Your love is an effective anti-dote to despair.
* I love to wake up with you by my side...It makes my days better.
* You always make me feel that you are by my side no matter what.
* I love that feeling of being secure when you wrap your arms around me.
* I love the way you keep your cool when I do something stupid.
* Just being with you feels like I can defy the whole world.
* You mean the world to me.
* I like your small gestures that speak volumes about how much you care.
arms around you
treasure of love
* I love the way you treasure the gifts that I gave you.
* I love the way you patch up with me after a tumultuous fight.
* And, of-course, your intelligence, 'cause you were smart enough to fall in love with me ;-
* Your idea of romance is dim lights, soft music, and just the two of us.
* Because you make me feel like, like, like I have never felt before.
* I can tell you anything, and you won't be shocked.
romance
undying faith
* Your undying faith is what keeps the flame out of love alive
* You and me together, we can make magic.
* We're a perfect match.
* Thinking of you, fills me with a wonderful feeling.
* Your love gives me the feeling, that the best is still ahead.
* You never give up on me, and that's what keeps me going.
* You are simply irresistible
* I love you because you bring the best out of me.
propose
sense of humor
* Your terrific sense of humor
* Every time I look at you, my heart misses a beatheart
* You're the one who holds the key to my heart
* You always say what I need to hear (You are perfect).
* You have taught me the true meaning of love.
* Love is, what you mean to me - and you mean everything.
* You are my theme for a dream.
* I have had the time of my life and I owe it all to you.
* When I look into your eyes, I can see your heart.
* Your love for me is a natural anti-depressant.
love
by my side
* I love to hear your voice.
* Your love has helped me to rediscover myself.
* Your love is an effective anti-dote to despair.
* I love to wake up with you by my side...It makes my days better.
* You always make me feel that you are by my side no matter what.
* I love that feeling of being secure when you wrap your arms around me.
* I love the way you keep your cool when I do something stupid.
* Just being with you feels like I can defy the whole world.
* You mean the world to me.
* I like your small gestures that speak volumes about how much you care.
arms around you
treasure of love
* I love the way you treasure the gifts that I gave you.
* I love the way you patch up with me after a tumultuous fight.
* And, of-course, your intelligence, 'cause you were smart enough to fall in love with me ;-
"I Love You" in Different Languages and google affiliate
Afrikaans Ek is lief vir jou
Ek het jou lief
Albanian Te dua
Amharic Afekrishalehou
Arabic Ana Behibak (to a male)
Ana Behibek (to a female)
Armenian kezi chat ge sirem (in western Armenian)
yes kez sirum em (in eastern armenian)
yes kez shat em siroom
aruba
bonaire and curacao mi stimabo
Assyr
Assyrian Az tha hijthmekem
ANA KI BAYINAKH
Australian 'ave a beer :-) (Please keep in mind that this is only a joke! Yes, Australians speak English.)
Azerbaijanian Men seni severam
Basque
(A region of Spain and France) Maite zaitut.
Asko maite zaitut. (I love you a lot) Nere Maitea (My love)
Bavarian I mog di narrisch gern
Bengali Ami tomAy bhAlobAshi
Berber Lakh tirikh
BHOJPURI ham tahara se pyar karila
Bicol Namumutan ta ka
Bisaya Nahigugma ko nimo
Bosnian volim te (most common) (Volim Te Ba)
ja te volim (less common)
Brazilian Portuguese eu te amo
Bulgarian Obicham te
Cambodian kh_nhaum soro_lahn nhee_ah
Bon sro lanh oon
Cantonese Ngo oi ney
Catalan T'estim (mallorcan)
T'estime (valencian)
T'estimo (catalonian)
T'estim molt (I love you a lot)
Cebuano Gi Gugma Kita
Chamorro Hu Guiya Hao
Chanchal main (i like you)
main Tere bina main ji nahi pauga (i love you)
mail tere bina kaha jauga
Chinese Wo ie ni
Manderin
Wo ai ni
Croatian Volim te (most common), or
Ja te volim (less common)
Czech miluji te
Danish Jeg elsker dig
Dhivehi
(Maldivian Language) Aharen Kalaa Dhekeh Loabivey
Dutch Ik hou van jou
East Timor (Timorese) Hau hadomi (Hau=I hadomi=love o=you)
English I love you!
Esperanto Mi amas vin
Estonian Ma armastan sind
Mina armastan sind (formal)
Persian (Farsi) Tora dust midaram
Flemish (Vlaams) ik zie je graag or ik hou van je
Ik heb je lief (in songs)
Finnish Mina rakastan sinua
French Je t'aime
Friesian Ik bin fereale op dy
Ik ha^ld fan dy (Most commonly used phrase) (the ^ is above the a)
Gaelic Ta gra agam ort (Tá mé i ngrá leat?)
Galician Ámote
Georgian Me shen mikvarkhar
German Ich liebe dich
i moag di (an old saying for "i like you")
I mog Di ganz arg! (Suebian: South German dialekt.)
Greek S'agapo
Hausa Ina sonki
Hawaiian Aloha wau ia 'oe
Hebrew aNEE oHEIVET oTKHA (female to male)
aNEE oHEIV otAKH (male to female)
female to male "ani ohevet otcha".
male to female "ani ohev otach".
Hindi Main tumse pyar karta hun (Male will say to Female)
Main tumse pyar karti hun (Female will say to Male)
Hokkien Gwa ai di (Wa ai lu?)
Hopi Nu' umi unangwa'ta
Hmong "Kuv Hlub Koj"
Pronounced "Goo (rising tone) Hloo (high tone) Gah (falling tone"
Hungarian Szeretlek te'ged
Icelandic Ég elska þig (pronounced jeg elska thig)
Indian languages:
Gujarati
(a dialect of India)
"Tane Prem Karoo Choo"
Kannada
Nanu nimmege preti maditi idini
Naanu Ninna Preethisuve (Naanu Ninanu Pritisutene)
Maithili
hom ahaan sei pyaar karey chhi
Malayalam-1
Malayalam-2
Malayalam-3
Malayalam (Kerala)
ngyaan ninne premikkunnu (Enjan Ninnei Premikunnu)
"Njan ninne pranikunnu" or "njan ninne premikkinu"
"enikku ninne ishttamanu" (enneke nine ishtam)
NJAN NINNE SNEHIKKUNNU (Njan ninne premikkunnu)
nnan ninney snehikkunnu
enikku ninne ishtamanu
nan ninne premikkunnu, nan ninne snehikkunnu
Manipuri
aina nangbu nunshi
Oriya
Mu tumaku bhala paye
Punjabi
Main tenu pyar karda haan
Meno Tere Na Pyar Wa
Menu Twadey Naal Pyar Hai
me tumse pyar ker ta hu'
Sindhi
Aue tava saa pyar kar ya ti ( female to male)
Aue tosa pyaar kar ya to ( male to female
Tamil
NAN UNNAI KHADAL LIKERAN
Naan Unnai Khadalikkeren
Telugu
1. "Nenu ninnu premisthunnaanu" (It represents the opposite person in SINGULAR).
2. "Nenu mimmalni Premisthunnaanu" (It represents the opposite person in PLURAL).
naanu ninnu premishthaanu (Nenu Ninnu Premisttu nanu)
Nenu Ninnu Premisthunnanu (nenne nenu premistunnanu)
Marathi
Mala tujhashi prem aahe.
Maza Tuzyavar Prem Ahe
Majha tujhyavar prem aahe
Indonesian Saya cinta padamu
Saya Cinta Kamu
Aku tjinta padamu
saya mengasihi saudari (formal expression from male to female)
saya mengasihi saudara (formal expression from female to male)
Malay/Indonesian
Saya cintakan awak(awak=kamu=you)
Aku sayang engkau (engkau=kamu=you)
Malay
Saya cintamu
Saya sayangmu (Saya cintakan mu / Saya cinta mu ?)
Niasan
(one of tribes in Indonesia)
omasido khou
Javanese language
(a tribe in Indonesia)
kulo tresno panjenengan (high languange)
aku tresno karo kowe (low languange) (Aku tresna kowe!)
in Java Indonesia: aku cinta kamu
Irish taim i' ngra leat
Italian Ti amo
Ivatan Ichaddaw ko imo
Japanese Kimi o ai shiteru (Anata wa, dai suki desu ?)
Javanese Kulo tresno marang panjenengan (formal)
aku terno kowe (informal)
Karen Ya Eh Na Arr Gyi Law.
Kashmiri meh chi chain maai
Kazakh Men seny jaksy kuremyn
Kiswahili Nakupenda
Konkani Hanv tukka preeti karta
Korean Tangsinul sarang ha yo (SA LANG HAE / Na No Sa Lan Hei?)
Kurdish Ez te hezdikhem
mn tom oxshawet or xoshm awet ???
Hawrami Washem Grakani
Kyrgyz Men seni syuem
Lahu Nga naw hta ha ja.
Lao Khoi huk chau
Laos Chanrackkun
Latin Te amo (Ego te amo ?)
Vos amo
Amo te
Latvian Es Tevi milu (Es m lu Tevi ?)
Lingala Nalingi yo
Lithuanian að myliu tave (As Myliu Tave)
Aš tave myliu. [Ash tave myliu]
Luganda (from Uganda) nkwagala
Luo Aheri
Macedonian Te sakam
Madrid lingo Me molas, tronca
Malaysian saya cinta awak or saya sayang awak
Maltese Inħobbok (Inħobbok Ħafna: I love you very much!)
Mandarian Wo ai ni
Mapudungun
(a language spoken in central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche) Inchepoyeneimi
Mohawk Konoronhkwa
Moldova (Moldovian) Te iubesc
Craciun fericit si un An Nou fericit! (Merry Christmas and a happy new year!)
Mongolia Bi chamd khairtai
Myanmar (Burma) Nga nint ko chit dae
Nga nint go chit tel.
Navajo Ayor anosh'ni
Ndebele Ngiyakuthanda
Nepali Ma timlai maya/prem garchu
Norwegian Jeg elsker deg (Bokmaal)
Eg elskar deg (Nynorsk)
Pashto
(National Language of Afghanistan) Za Tasara Meena Kawam
Za tha sara meena laram (Za la ta sara meena kawom)
Persian Tora dost daram (Tora Doost Darem ?)
Duset daaram (informal language)
Dustat daaram (more peotic)
\'a\' here sounds like \'a\' in \'pat\' and \'aa\' sounds like \'u\' in \'umberlla\'. :))
Pilipino Mahal Kita
Iniibig Kita
Polish Kocham cię
Ja Cie Kocham (Pronounced Yacha kocham)
Ja cię kocham (thats acurate spelling) is completly not in use.
\"Ja\" is \"I\" and in this type of sentence we just skip it.
Portuguese Eu amo-te (continental)
Eu te amo (Brazilian)
Punjabi Main tenu pyar karda haan
Meno Tere Na Pyar Wa
Menu Twadey Naal Pyar Hai
me tumse pyar ker ta hu'
Romanian Te iubesc
Russian Ya lyublyu tebya
Ya vas lyublyu
Ya tebya liubliu
Scot Gaelic Tha gra\dh agam ort
Serbian Volim te (most common), or
Ja te volim" (less common)
Serbo-Croatian Volim te
Shona Ndinokuda
Sinhalese Mama Oyata Aadarei
Sioux Techihhila
Slovak lubim ta
Slovenian (Slovene) Ljubim te
Somalia Languages Waan kujeclahay
Spanish Te quiero
Te amo
Swahili Naku penda
Swedish Jag a lskar dig
Swiss-German Ch'ha di ga"rn
Tagalog Mahal kita
Iniibig kita
Taiwanese Gwa ai lee
Tamil NAN UNNAI KHADAL LIKERAN
Naan Unnai Khadalikkeren
Thai Phom Rak Khun
Ch'an Rak Khun
Khao Raak Thoe / chun raak ter
Tibetan Nga Chola Gagai Yo. Nga Chola Tsewa Yo
Tunisian NMOUT ALIK
Ha eh bak (ÃÍÈß - spelled AHEBAK)
Turkish Seni seviyorum!
Ukranian Ya tebya kahayu
Ya tebe kohayu (Ya tebe kohau)
ya tebya lyublyu (Russian variant)
Yalleh blutebeh
Ya lublu tebe (ryss variant)
Urdu (Pakistan) MUJHAY TUM SAY MOHABBAT HAY or
Main tum say pyar karta hoon.
Mea tum se pyaar karta hu (when a guy says it)
Mea tum se pyar karti hu (when a gal says it)
Vietnamese Anh ye^u em (man to woman)
Em ye^u anh (woman to man)
Toi yeu em
Vlaams (Flemish) ik zie je graag or ik hou van je
Ik heb je lief (in songs)
Welsh 'Rwy'n dy garu di.
Yr wyf i yn dy garu di (chwi)
Rwy'n caru ti
xhosa ndiyakuthanda
Yiddish Ikh hob dikh lib
Yoruba Mo ni ife re
Zazi Ezhele hezdege (sp?)
Zuni Tom ho' ichema
Ek het jou lief
Albanian Te dua
Amharic Afekrishalehou
Arabic Ana Behibak (to a male)
Ana Behibek (to a female)
Armenian kezi chat ge sirem (in western Armenian)
yes kez sirum em (in eastern armenian)
yes kez shat em siroom
aruba
bonaire and curacao mi stimabo
Assyr
Assyrian Az tha hijthmekem
ANA KI BAYINAKH
Australian 'ave a beer :-) (Please keep in mind that this is only a joke! Yes, Australians speak English.)
Azerbaijanian Men seni severam
Basque
(A region of Spain and France) Maite zaitut.
Asko maite zaitut. (I love you a lot) Nere Maitea (My love)
Bavarian I mog di narrisch gern
Bengali Ami tomAy bhAlobAshi
Berber Lakh tirikh
BHOJPURI ham tahara se pyar karila
Bicol Namumutan ta ka
Bisaya Nahigugma ko nimo
Bosnian volim te (most common) (Volim Te Ba)
ja te volim (less common)
Brazilian Portuguese eu te amo
Bulgarian Obicham te
Cambodian kh_nhaum soro_lahn nhee_ah
Bon sro lanh oon
Cantonese Ngo oi ney
Catalan T'estim (mallorcan)
T'estime (valencian)
T'estimo (catalonian)
T'estim molt (I love you a lot)
Cebuano Gi Gugma Kita
Chamorro Hu Guiya Hao
Chanchal main (i like you)
main Tere bina main ji nahi pauga (i love you)
mail tere bina kaha jauga
Chinese Wo ie ni
Manderin
Wo ai ni
Croatian Volim te (most common), or
Ja te volim (less common)
Czech miluji te
Danish Jeg elsker dig
Dhivehi
(Maldivian Language) Aharen Kalaa Dhekeh Loabivey
Dutch Ik hou van jou
East Timor (Timorese) Hau hadomi (Hau=I hadomi=love o=you)
English I love you!
Esperanto Mi amas vin
Estonian Ma armastan sind
Mina armastan sind (formal)
Persian (Farsi) Tora dust midaram
Flemish (Vlaams) ik zie je graag or ik hou van je
Ik heb je lief (in songs)
Finnish Mina rakastan sinua
French Je t'aime
Friesian Ik bin fereale op dy
Ik ha^ld fan dy (Most commonly used phrase) (the ^ is above the a)
Gaelic Ta gra agam ort (Tá mé i ngrá leat?)
Galician Ámote
Georgian Me shen mikvarkhar
German Ich liebe dich
i moag di (an old saying for "i like you")
I mog Di ganz arg! (Suebian: South German dialekt.)
Greek S'agapo
Hausa Ina sonki
Hawaiian Aloha wau ia 'oe
Hebrew aNEE oHEIVET oTKHA (female to male)
aNEE oHEIV otAKH (male to female)
female to male "ani ohevet otcha".
male to female "ani ohev otach".
Hindi Main tumse pyar karta hun (Male will say to Female)
Main tumse pyar karti hun (Female will say to Male)
Hokkien Gwa ai di (Wa ai lu?)
Hopi Nu' umi unangwa'ta
Hmong "Kuv Hlub Koj"
Pronounced "Goo (rising tone) Hloo (high tone) Gah (falling tone"
Hungarian Szeretlek te'ged
Icelandic Ég elska þig (pronounced jeg elska thig)
Indian languages:
Gujarati
(a dialect of India)
"Tane Prem Karoo Choo"
Kannada
Nanu nimmege preti maditi idini
Naanu Ninna Preethisuve (Naanu Ninanu Pritisutene)
Maithili
hom ahaan sei pyaar karey chhi
Malayalam-1
Malayalam-2
Malayalam-3
Malayalam (Kerala)
ngyaan ninne premikkunnu (Enjan Ninnei Premikunnu)
"Njan ninne pranikunnu" or "njan ninne premikkinu"
"enikku ninne ishttamanu" (enneke nine ishtam)
NJAN NINNE SNEHIKKUNNU (Njan ninne premikkunnu)
nnan ninney snehikkunnu
enikku ninne ishtamanu
nan ninne premikkunnu, nan ninne snehikkunnu
Manipuri
aina nangbu nunshi
Oriya
Mu tumaku bhala paye
Punjabi
Main tenu pyar karda haan
Meno Tere Na Pyar Wa
Menu Twadey Naal Pyar Hai
me tumse pyar ker ta hu'
Sindhi
Aue tava saa pyar kar ya ti ( female to male)
Aue tosa pyaar kar ya to ( male to female
Tamil
NAN UNNAI KHADAL LIKERAN
Naan Unnai Khadalikkeren
Telugu
1. "Nenu ninnu premisthunnaanu" (It represents the opposite person in SINGULAR).
2. "Nenu mimmalni Premisthunnaanu" (It represents the opposite person in PLURAL).
naanu ninnu premishthaanu (Nenu Ninnu Premisttu nanu)
Nenu Ninnu Premisthunnanu (nenne nenu premistunnanu)
Marathi
Mala tujhashi prem aahe.
Maza Tuzyavar Prem Ahe
Majha tujhyavar prem aahe
Indonesian Saya cinta padamu
Saya Cinta Kamu
Aku tjinta padamu
saya mengasihi saudari (formal expression from male to female)
saya mengasihi saudara (formal expression from female to male)
Malay/Indonesian
Saya cintakan awak(awak=kamu=you)
Aku sayang engkau (engkau=kamu=you)
Malay
Saya cintamu
Saya sayangmu (Saya cintakan mu / Saya cinta mu ?)
Niasan
(one of tribes in Indonesia)
omasido khou
Javanese language
(a tribe in Indonesia)
kulo tresno panjenengan (high languange)
aku tresno karo kowe (low languange) (Aku tresna kowe!)
in Java Indonesia: aku cinta kamu
Irish taim i' ngra leat
Italian Ti amo
Ivatan Ichaddaw ko imo
Japanese Kimi o ai shiteru (Anata wa, dai suki desu ?)
Javanese Kulo tresno marang panjenengan (formal)
aku terno kowe (informal)
Karen Ya Eh Na Arr Gyi Law.
Kashmiri meh chi chain maai
Kazakh Men seny jaksy kuremyn
Kiswahili Nakupenda
Konkani Hanv tukka preeti karta
Korean Tangsinul sarang ha yo (SA LANG HAE / Na No Sa Lan Hei?)
Kurdish Ez te hezdikhem
mn tom oxshawet or xoshm awet ???
Hawrami Washem Grakani
Kyrgyz Men seni syuem
Lahu Nga naw hta ha ja.
Lao Khoi huk chau
Laos Chanrackkun
Latin Te amo (Ego te amo ?)
Vos amo
Amo te
Latvian Es Tevi milu (Es m lu Tevi ?)
Lingala Nalingi yo
Lithuanian að myliu tave (As Myliu Tave)
Aš tave myliu. [Ash tave myliu]
Luganda (from Uganda) nkwagala
Luo Aheri
Macedonian Te sakam
Madrid lingo Me molas, tronca
Malaysian saya cinta awak or saya sayang awak
Maltese Inħobbok (Inħobbok Ħafna: I love you very much!)
Mandarian Wo ai ni
Mapudungun
(a language spoken in central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche) Inchepoyeneimi
Mohawk Konoronhkwa
Moldova (Moldovian) Te iubesc
Craciun fericit si un An Nou fericit! (Merry Christmas and a happy new year!)
Mongolia Bi chamd khairtai
Myanmar (Burma) Nga nint ko chit dae
Nga nint go chit tel.
Navajo Ayor anosh'ni
Ndebele Ngiyakuthanda
Nepali Ma timlai maya/prem garchu
Norwegian Jeg elsker deg (Bokmaal)
Eg elskar deg (Nynorsk)
Pashto
(National Language of Afghanistan) Za Tasara Meena Kawam
Za tha sara meena laram (Za la ta sara meena kawom)
Persian Tora dost daram (Tora Doost Darem ?)
Duset daaram (informal language)
Dustat daaram (more peotic)
\'a\' here sounds like \'a\' in \'pat\' and \'aa\' sounds like \'u\' in \'umberlla\'. :))
Pilipino Mahal Kita
Iniibig Kita
Polish Kocham cię
Ja Cie Kocham (Pronounced Yacha kocham)
Ja cię kocham (thats acurate spelling) is completly not in use.
\"Ja\" is \"I\" and in this type of sentence we just skip it.
Portuguese Eu amo-te (continental)
Eu te amo (Brazilian)
Punjabi Main tenu pyar karda haan
Meno Tere Na Pyar Wa
Menu Twadey Naal Pyar Hai
me tumse pyar ker ta hu'
Romanian Te iubesc
Russian Ya lyublyu tebya
Ya vas lyublyu
Ya tebya liubliu
Scot Gaelic Tha gra\dh agam ort
Serbian Volim te (most common), or
Ja te volim" (less common)
Serbo-Croatian Volim te
Shona Ndinokuda
Sinhalese Mama Oyata Aadarei
Sioux Techihhila
Slovak lubim ta
Slovenian (Slovene) Ljubim te
Somalia Languages Waan kujeclahay
Spanish Te quiero
Te amo
Swahili Naku penda
Swedish Jag a lskar dig
Swiss-German Ch'ha di ga"rn
Tagalog Mahal kita
Iniibig kita
Taiwanese Gwa ai lee
Tamil NAN UNNAI KHADAL LIKERAN
Naan Unnai Khadalikkeren
Thai Phom Rak Khun
Ch'an Rak Khun
Khao Raak Thoe / chun raak ter
Tibetan Nga Chola Gagai Yo. Nga Chola Tsewa Yo
Tunisian NMOUT ALIK
Ha eh bak (ÃÍÈß - spelled AHEBAK)
Turkish Seni seviyorum!
Ukranian Ya tebya kahayu
Ya tebe kohayu (Ya tebe kohau)
ya tebya lyublyu (Russian variant)
Yalleh blutebeh
Ya lublu tebe (ryss variant)
Urdu (Pakistan) MUJHAY TUM SAY MOHABBAT HAY or
Main tum say pyar karta hoon.
Mea tum se pyaar karta hu (when a guy says it)
Mea tum se pyar karti hu (when a gal says it)
Vietnamese Anh ye^u em (man to woman)
Em ye^u anh (woman to man)
Toi yeu em
Vlaams (Flemish) ik zie je graag or ik hou van je
Ik heb je lief (in songs)
Welsh 'Rwy'n dy garu di.
Yr wyf i yn dy garu di (chwi)
Rwy'n caru ti
xhosa ndiyakuthanda
Yiddish Ikh hob dikh lib
Yoruba Mo ni ife re
Zazi Ezhele hezdege (sp?)
Zuni Tom ho' ichema
love quotes and google affiliate
FRIENDSHIP
Some people come into our lives and quickly go. Others stay awhile, make footprints on our hearts and we are never, ever the same.
Anonymou
This day I will marry my friend, the one I laugh with, live for, dream with, love
Anonymous
Don't walk in front of me, I may not follow; Don't walk behind me, I may not lead; Walk beside me, and just be my friend.
Albert Camus
Two lives, two hearts joined together in friendship united forever in love.
Anonymous
Some people come into our lives and quickly go. Others stay awhile, make footprints on our hearts and we are never, ever the same.
Anonymou
This day I will marry my friend, the one I laugh with, live for, dream with, love
Anonymous
Don't walk in front of me, I may not follow; Don't walk behind me, I may not lead; Walk beside me, and just be my friend.
Albert Camus
Two lives, two hearts joined together in friendship united forever in love.
Anonymous
love poems and google affiliate
A special world for you and me
A special bond one cannot see
It wraps us up in its cocoon
And holds us fiercely in its womb.
Its fingers spread like fine spun gold
Gently nestling us to the fold
Like silken thread it holds us fast
Bonds like this are meant to last.
And though at times a thread may break
A new one forms in its wake
To bind us closer and keep us strong
In a special world, where we belong.
- Sheelagh Lennon -
An Entrapment
My love, I have tried with all my being
to grasp a form comparable to thine own,
but nothing seems worthy;
I know now why Shakespeare could not
compare his love to a summer’s day.
It would be a crime to denounce the beauty
of such a creature as thee,
to simply cast away the precision
God had placed in forging you.
Each facet of your being
whether it physical or spiritual
is an ensnarement
from which there is no release.
But I do not wish release.
I wish to stay entrapped forever.
With you for all eternity.
Our hearts, always as one.
- Anthony Kolos -
A special bond one cannot see
It wraps us up in its cocoon
And holds us fiercely in its womb.
Its fingers spread like fine spun gold
Gently nestling us to the fold
Like silken thread it holds us fast
Bonds like this are meant to last.
And though at times a thread may break
A new one forms in its wake
To bind us closer and keep us strong
In a special world, where we belong.
- Sheelagh Lennon -
An Entrapment
My love, I have tried with all my being
to grasp a form comparable to thine own,
but nothing seems worthy;
I know now why Shakespeare could not
compare his love to a summer’s day.
It would be a crime to denounce the beauty
of such a creature as thee,
to simply cast away the precision
God had placed in forging you.
Each facet of your being
whether it physical or spiritual
is an ensnarement
from which there is no release.
But I do not wish release.
I wish to stay entrapped forever.
With you for all eternity.
Our hearts, always as one.
- Anthony Kolos -
love and google affiliate
Love is any of a number of emotions related to a sense of strong affection[1] and attachment. The word love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my wife"). This diversity of uses and meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to consistently define, even compared to other emotional states.
As an abstract concept, love usually refers to a deep, ineffable feeling of tenderly caring for another person. Even this limited conception of love, however, encompasses a wealth of different feelings, from the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love to the nonsexual emotional closeness of familial and platonic love[2] to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love.[3] Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts
As an abstract concept, love usually refers to a deep, ineffable feeling of tenderly caring for another person. Even this limited conception of love, however, encompasses a wealth of different feelings, from the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love to the nonsexual emotional closeness of familial and platonic love[2] to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love.[3] Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts
Icelandic volcano still spewing huge ash plume and google affiliate
REYKJAVIK (Reuters) – An Icelandic volcano is still spewing ash into the air in a massive plume that has disrupted air traffic across Europe and shows little sign of letting up, officials said on Friday.
One expert said the eruption could abate in the coming days, but a government spokesman said ash would keep drifting into the skies of Europe.
The thick, dark brown ash cloud has shut down air traffic across northern Europe and restrictions remained in place in many areas. However, Norway said it had resumed some limited flights in the north of the country.
"It is more or less the same situation as yesterday, it is still erupting, still exploding, still producing gas," University of Iceland professor Armann Hoskuldsson told Reuters.
"We expect it to last for two days or more or something. It cannot continue at this rate for many days. There is a limited amount of magma that can spew out," he added, saying it was the magma, or molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, coming out of the volcano that turned into ash.
Environment Ministry spokesman Gudmundur Gudmundsson agreed.
"The eruption is ongoing and we are not expecting any change in the production of ash...High level winds will keep dispersing the plume over Europe," he said.
The eruption has taken place under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier, normally a popular hiking ground in southern Iceland.
Another professor said on Thursday that the heat had melted up to a third of the glacial ice covering the crater, causing a nearby river to burst its banks.
Icelandic radio said part of the ring road that goes around the small north Atlantic island had been swept away.
To the east of the volcano, thousands of hectares of land are covered by a thick layer of ash.
The cloud of ash from the eruption has hit air travel all over northern Europe, with flights grounded or diverted due to the risk of engine damage from sucking in particles of ash from the volcanic cloud.
The volcano under the Ejfjallajokull glacier, Iceland's fifth largest glacier, has erupted five times since Iceland was settled in the ninth century.
Iceland sits on a volcanic hotspot in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and has relatively frequent eruptions, although most occur in sparsely populated areas and pose little danger to people or property. Before March, the last eruption took place in 2004.
One expert said the eruption could abate in the coming days, but a government spokesman said ash would keep drifting into the skies of Europe.
The thick, dark brown ash cloud has shut down air traffic across northern Europe and restrictions remained in place in many areas. However, Norway said it had resumed some limited flights in the north of the country.
"It is more or less the same situation as yesterday, it is still erupting, still exploding, still producing gas," University of Iceland professor Armann Hoskuldsson told Reuters.
"We expect it to last for two days or more or something. It cannot continue at this rate for many days. There is a limited amount of magma that can spew out," he added, saying it was the magma, or molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, coming out of the volcano that turned into ash.
Environment Ministry spokesman Gudmundur Gudmundsson agreed.
"The eruption is ongoing and we are not expecting any change in the production of ash...High level winds will keep dispersing the plume over Europe," he said.
The eruption has taken place under the Eyjafjallajokull glacier, normally a popular hiking ground in southern Iceland.
Another professor said on Thursday that the heat had melted up to a third of the glacial ice covering the crater, causing a nearby river to burst its banks.
Icelandic radio said part of the ring road that goes around the small north Atlantic island had been swept away.
To the east of the volcano, thousands of hectares of land are covered by a thick layer of ash.
The cloud of ash from the eruption has hit air travel all over northern Europe, with flights grounded or diverted due to the risk of engine damage from sucking in particles of ash from the volcanic cloud.
The volcano under the Ejfjallajokull glacier, Iceland's fifth largest glacier, has erupted five times since Iceland was settled in the ninth century.
Iceland sits on a volcanic hotspot in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and has relatively frequent eruptions, although most occur in sparsely populated areas and pose little danger to people or property. Before March, the last eruption took place in 2004.
Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway - How to Get Yours Now and google affiliate
The $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway is an exclusive offer only found online. If you are familiar with best buy, keep reading this article to learn how you could get a gift card and go on a shopping spree absolutely free.
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Once the survey is done, you may be asked to sign up for a product or service that offers you a free trial. This is a win/win situation. You don't have to purchase the product, just make sure you pick out a offer that interest you. This is crucial for the Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway promotion. Many people only do the survey and forget about the free trial offer and never receive their card.
In reality the Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway is not actually free. You are exchanging information and trying out a product to receive the free card. The survey and information you exchange is beneficial to the market research companies.
How to apply for Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway
Getting $1000 to shop is easy, apply here for your FREE Best Buy Gift Card. Your shopping spree is a simple click away.
How it works
Like many other people, when I first heard of getting $1000 to go to Best Buy and shop for free, it thought it was ridiculous. Why would they give out free Best Buy cards? Out of curiosity I had to apply for one myself. After completing the surveys I was instructed to apply for a free trial of whatever product interest me and within 1 week I received my $1000 Best Buy card.
Market research companies give out free gift card and merchandise for exchange of information only consumers can provide. Filling out simple surveys gives valuable information to companies on how they can improve their products and how the public benefits to each merchandise. Its less expensive to give out free gifts online than paying hundreds of thousands of dollars on TV ads. You could also try many products for free before purchasing.
Once the survey is done, you may be asked to sign up for a product or service that offers you a free trial. This is a win/win situation. You don't have to purchase the product, just make sure you pick out a offer that interest you. This is crucial for the Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway promotion. Many people only do the survey and forget about the free trial offer and never receive their card.
In reality the Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway is not actually free. You are exchanging information and trying out a product to receive the free card. The survey and information you exchange is beneficial to the market research companies.
How to apply for Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway
Getting $1000 to shop is easy, apply here for your FREE Best Buy Gift Card. Your shopping spree is a simple click away.
$1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway - Are They Really Legit? Learn How You Can Get One For Free! and google affiliate
The $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway is an unbelievable offer and many of you are probably wondering: are they really legit? Well, if you like to shop at Best Buy as much as I do, then keep reading this article and I'll tell you how you can get a gift card of your own.
How the Process Works
When I first heard of this offer I thought like many of you that this offer is bogus. I mean how could Best Buy give away $1000 to shop in their store? Well, guess what folks, I found out the offer is real and it's not hard to get in on this free spending spree. The $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway program requires you to participate in some free trial offers and once you complete the requirements, you'll have your $1000 gift card to use as you please.
What I found out was that there are sponsors willing to cover the expense of this $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway promotion. In doing so, they get new consumers to try their products. Many marketing companies find it easier and less expensive for their clients to advertise their new products online. Attracting new customers by allowing them to test and keep their products by participating in free trials actually worked better than spending thousands on TV commercials or magazine ads.
Which Offers to Choose From
The awesome thing is, there are many different trial offers to choose from and many of them are pretty cool. My favorite are the low interest credit card offers - I get to use these cards to buy things I would normally buy anyway and also get free airline mileage points. I even got rid of my high interest credit cards too. For me it was a win / win /win situation!
Now if you don't like credit card offers, then I'm sure you'll find many other products you'll like to try for free. You can also find offers on many things you're already buying like movies or video games or even weight-loss products if that's what you're into. And the secret I'll share with you is this: keep track of the period of time you have to complete your trial offer and cancel before you are charged anything. You'll still meet the requirements to get your $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway and you would have possible found some other incredible products that you'll like to keep using in the process. How great is that?
So don't let anyone tell you nothing in this world is free, if you're smart and do your homework many of these freebie offers can bring you some of the newest and yes expensive products available online and in stores today.
How to Get a $1000 Best Buy Gift Card of Your Own
Getting your own $1,000 Best Buy Gift Card is easy. Simply CLICK HERE and enter your email to see if you are eligible.
How the Process Works
When I first heard of this offer I thought like many of you that this offer is bogus. I mean how could Best Buy give away $1000 to shop in their store? Well, guess what folks, I found out the offer is real and it's not hard to get in on this free spending spree. The $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway program requires you to participate in some free trial offers and once you complete the requirements, you'll have your $1000 gift card to use as you please.
What I found out was that there are sponsors willing to cover the expense of this $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway promotion. In doing so, they get new consumers to try their products. Many marketing companies find it easier and less expensive for their clients to advertise their new products online. Attracting new customers by allowing them to test and keep their products by participating in free trials actually worked better than spending thousands on TV commercials or magazine ads.
Which Offers to Choose From
The awesome thing is, there are many different trial offers to choose from and many of them are pretty cool. My favorite are the low interest credit card offers - I get to use these cards to buy things I would normally buy anyway and also get free airline mileage points. I even got rid of my high interest credit cards too. For me it was a win / win /win situation!
Now if you don't like credit card offers, then I'm sure you'll find many other products you'll like to try for free. You can also find offers on many things you're already buying like movies or video games or even weight-loss products if that's what you're into. And the secret I'll share with you is this: keep track of the period of time you have to complete your trial offer and cancel before you are charged anything. You'll still meet the requirements to get your $1000 Free Best Buy Gift Card Giveaway and you would have possible found some other incredible products that you'll like to keep using in the process. How great is that?
So don't let anyone tell you nothing in this world is free, if you're smart and do your homework many of these freebie offers can bring you some of the newest and yes expensive products available online and in stores today.
How to Get a $1000 Best Buy Gift Card of Your Own
Getting your own $1,000 Best Buy Gift Card is easy. Simply CLICK HERE and enter your email to see if you are eligible.
Online Forex Trading Platform and google affiliate
For many decades, the investment world was largely dominated by the stock market. Anyone who wanted to make money using their wits and by choosing the right investments used the stock market to make their choices. But with the recent crashes and losses in the stock market, many traditional investors are considering new methods of investing. Also, new investors are wary of sinking money into an old system that has not shown very good returns lately.
There's a different option for investing that may prove more appealing to many investors, both new and old. Online Forex trading, or foreign exchange trading, where currencies are traded. Due to the constantly shifting exchange rates, it's possible to trade currencies in a way that produces a profit. By buying a certain currency when it's worth is low, and then selling it once it rises, an investor can make a tidy sum.
Unlike the stock market, the Forex market never closes. Even if it's 3am, you can be trading currencies on Forex from your bedroom. It also can be easier to understand and quicker to learn than traditional stock market trading. There is risk, as with any investment, but talented online Forex traders can spot trends quickly and profit from it. Unlike the US stock market, the events that affect currency values can be unexpected. A natural disaster or great growing season may have the expected effects, but it can be difficult to guess what a new political leader or declaration of war may do to a nation's currency value.
By learning the symptoms and signs that precede the rise and fall of the worth of currency, any smart investor can make money from Forex trading. Trading is done through a broker, who usually charges a small fee. But there are many opportunities for those new to Forex trading to receive commission free trades. Online trading is much faster and easier to use than traditional forms of trading, and many brokers have lowered their fees to reflect that. Many of the most popular online Forex trading platforms let new users have a set amount of free trades to try their luck at Forex investing before making a big commitment.
George Pettit is a well known journalist and financial specialist from Perth, Australia. He writes for several important magazines about topics such as stock exchange markets, loans, forex trading, debt consolidation and similar popular topics which attract attention of many readers.
There's a different option for investing that may prove more appealing to many investors, both new and old. Online Forex trading, or foreign exchange trading, where currencies are traded. Due to the constantly shifting exchange rates, it's possible to trade currencies in a way that produces a profit. By buying a certain currency when it's worth is low, and then selling it once it rises, an investor can make a tidy sum.
Unlike the stock market, the Forex market never closes. Even if it's 3am, you can be trading currencies on Forex from your bedroom. It also can be easier to understand and quicker to learn than traditional stock market trading. There is risk, as with any investment, but talented online Forex traders can spot trends quickly and profit from it. Unlike the US stock market, the events that affect currency values can be unexpected. A natural disaster or great growing season may have the expected effects, but it can be difficult to guess what a new political leader or declaration of war may do to a nation's currency value.
By learning the symptoms and signs that precede the rise and fall of the worth of currency, any smart investor can make money from Forex trading. Trading is done through a broker, who usually charges a small fee. But there are many opportunities for those new to Forex trading to receive commission free trades. Online trading is much faster and easier to use than traditional forms of trading, and many brokers have lowered their fees to reflect that. Many of the most popular online Forex trading platforms let new users have a set amount of free trades to try their luck at Forex investing before making a big commitment.
George Pettit is a well known journalist and financial specialist from Perth, Australia. He writes for several important magazines about topics such as stock exchange markets, loans, forex trading, debt consolidation and similar popular topics which attract attention of many readers.
Federal Criminal Defense Attorneys and google affiliate
The legal services of federal criminal defense attorneys are more critical today with the growing number of offenses now considered federal crimes. In the past, virtually all criminal charges were tried in state courts. In recent years, though, the number of offense categories now treated as federal crimes has grown to over 100, comprising more than 4,000 individual offenses.
In the last few years, the US Congress has passed several statutes mandating extensive federal prison terms on a wide range of offenses, from kidnapping to drug dealing. Aside from offenses prohibited by virtue of these statutes, a crime is also considered to be a federal offense if it is committed within US federal property, such as airports or a national park, or if it happened in more than one state.
A point system is used in determining the appropriate penalties for federal offenses. Each type of federal crime carries a predefined point value, to which additional penalties are added depending on whether weapons are used, or how much drugs are involved, among other factors. The range of potential penalties for federal crime conviction may include long-term jail time, steep fines, or being under probation for a set period of time.
Considering the severity of these repercussions, anyone facing an alleged violation of federal laws must immediately seek legal counsel from one of the trusted federal criminal defense attorneys in one's locale. If possible, the lawyer may work to reduce the charges against his client. If the case has been filed, he can provide legal advice and representation through every step of the litigation process to ensure the best case outcome for the defendant.
Resource Box:
Imhoff & Associates is composed of top federal criminal defense attorneys from all over the country, offering quality legal services to help clients aggressively defend their case. State or federal crime defendants alike may visit CriminalAttorney.com to contact a criminal attorney in their locale, or they may dial 800-877-0000 for a free case consultation.
In the last few years, the US Congress has passed several statutes mandating extensive federal prison terms on a wide range of offenses, from kidnapping to drug dealing. Aside from offenses prohibited by virtue of these statutes, a crime is also considered to be a federal offense if it is committed within US federal property, such as airports or a national park, or if it happened in more than one state.
A point system is used in determining the appropriate penalties for federal offenses. Each type of federal crime carries a predefined point value, to which additional penalties are added depending on whether weapons are used, or how much drugs are involved, among other factors. The range of potential penalties for federal crime conviction may include long-term jail time, steep fines, or being under probation for a set period of time.
Considering the severity of these repercussions, anyone facing an alleged violation of federal laws must immediately seek legal counsel from one of the trusted federal criminal defense attorneys in one's locale. If possible, the lawyer may work to reduce the charges against his client. If the case has been filed, he can provide legal advice and representation through every step of the litigation process to ensure the best case outcome for the defendant.
Resource Box:
Imhoff & Associates is composed of top federal criminal defense attorneys from all over the country, offering quality legal services to help clients aggressively defend their case. State or federal crime defendants alike may visit CriminalAttorney.com to contact a criminal attorney in their locale, or they may dial 800-877-0000 for a free case consultation.
Google AdSense - Getting Relevant Ads to Display on Your Site
Google's advertising network consists of two parts; AdWords for the search network and AdSense for the content network.
AdWords - Advertisers wishing to purchase advertising on Google's search engine results pages (SERPS) and those of Google's partner networks, must bid on keywords relevant to the products or services being sold. When a user performs a search on Google using a phrase such as "large dog beds", Google will display ads from AdWords advertisers whose keywords match the search phrase criteria. In a highly competitive market, keywords can get quite expensive. That's not ideal for advertisers, but it's very good for publishers.
AdSense - Webmasters, called publishers, can display those ads within their web pages. When visitors click on the ads, the publisher gets a portion of the keyword's bid price. This can be very lucrative if a webmaster can write content to attract those costly ads.
Anyone can embed the necessary code within their web pages to display AdSense ads, but there's somewhat of an art to getting the right ads to display. Google's pretty good at figuring out which ads to display based upon information extracted from the web page. However, sometimes irrelevant ads do get shown because the information Google's looking for might not be presented in the manner it requires. Therefore, chances of someone clicking on an ad for anti-virus software while reading an article about large dog beds are remote. No clicks means no money, so the first order of business is...
Getting Relevant AdSense Ads to Display
Your article's content must be interesting to your readers, but at the same time you must also ensure that AdSense clearly understands what your content is about.
If your site is a standard HTML site, then title, description and keywords are set using meta tags. On WordPress blogs, the settings are listed below.
Page Title - While catchy page titles like 'A Soft Spot for Fido' will attract visitors, they don't steer AdSense in the right direction. If your article is about large dog beds then the phrase 'Large Dog Beds' should appear at the front of the title and can be optionally followed by something catchy. Google utilizes the first 60 characters of the title. On a WordPress blog, the title will be your post or page title.
Page Description - Your main keyword phrase should be near the front of the description. Google utilizes the first 160 characters of the description. On a WordPress blog, the description will be your excerpt.
Keywords - Focus only on the keywords that relate to your article. If you include other keywords, make sure they are closely related and support the main keyword. On a WordPress blog, keywords will be your tags.
Headings - These are the H1, H2, H3 tags within your post. Keep them relevant to your main topic, but do use them because Google does. On a WordPress blog, they are available in the formatting menu.
Page Content - The body of your article should contain your main keyword phrase early on in the article and again in the very last sentence. Don't excessively repeat the same phrase. Let the words flow naturally, but consider a keyword density around 2-3%. That is, for every 100 words, your main keyword can be mentioned two to three times, but always maintain a natural sounding dialog. Consider using singular or plural versions of the main keyword. Your page should also contain phrases that support the main keyword. It not only makes for more interesting reading, but also helps emphasize to Google that your content is indeed about large dog beds. Google is very smart at figuring out how words relate to each other so don't be afraid to use similar words that describe the same thing.
Domain Name - Your domain name can play a big roll in attracting the right ads. Include keywords that describe the main focus of your site. If your site is about dog beds, the phrase dog beds should be included at the beginning of the domain name. DogBedsGalore will attract relevant ads, whereas CreatureComforts would not.
If you follow these simple, but necessary guidelines, you should have no problem getting relevant ads to display.
Still Not Seeing Relevant Ads?
It may be due to a new feature Google recently added to AdSense. Log into your AdSense account and click on AdSense Setup, then Ad Review Center. Scroll down to the bottom of the page to the 'Allow and Block Google Certified Ad Networks' section and click on the 'change' link. These are additional ad networks that may be displaying ads on your site. Remove them by moving them from the left panel to the right panel. Then check the box on 'Automatically block new Google certified ad networks'. Click Submit to save. This should take effect within a few hours, but definitely within 24.
Google says these additional ad networks can bring more revenue to your site, but at the time of this writing I'm not convinced. I have a fitness website that performed wonderfully at displaying targeted ads. Then suddenly my ad revenue dropped and I noticed the ads displayed on the home page were ads for data retrieval and high end business software, although internal pages still displayed relevant ads. After some research, I was able to determine that it was due to a specific word in my domain name. It wasn't until I turned off the Google certified ad networks that I once again had relative ads displaying.
AJ Farro is a retired programmer and creative consultant for a variety of websites and blogs. Does your current web hosting provider impose strict limitations on disk space, data transfer, number of domains you can host and more? Get a side-by-side comparison of the top 10 best web hosting providers offering unlimited web hosting accounts.
AdWords - Advertisers wishing to purchase advertising on Google's search engine results pages (SERPS) and those of Google's partner networks, must bid on keywords relevant to the products or services being sold. When a user performs a search on Google using a phrase such as "large dog beds", Google will display ads from AdWords advertisers whose keywords match the search phrase criteria. In a highly competitive market, keywords can get quite expensive. That's not ideal for advertisers, but it's very good for publishers.
AdSense - Webmasters, called publishers, can display those ads within their web pages. When visitors click on the ads, the publisher gets a portion of the keyword's bid price. This can be very lucrative if a webmaster can write content to attract those costly ads.
Anyone can embed the necessary code within their web pages to display AdSense ads, but there's somewhat of an art to getting the right ads to display. Google's pretty good at figuring out which ads to display based upon information extracted from the web page. However, sometimes irrelevant ads do get shown because the information Google's looking for might not be presented in the manner it requires. Therefore, chances of someone clicking on an ad for anti-virus software while reading an article about large dog beds are remote. No clicks means no money, so the first order of business is...
Getting Relevant AdSense Ads to Display
Your article's content must be interesting to your readers, but at the same time you must also ensure that AdSense clearly understands what your content is about.
If your site is a standard HTML site, then title, description and keywords are set using meta tags. On WordPress blogs, the settings are listed below.
Page Title - While catchy page titles like 'A Soft Spot for Fido' will attract visitors, they don't steer AdSense in the right direction. If your article is about large dog beds then the phrase 'Large Dog Beds' should appear at the front of the title and can be optionally followed by something catchy. Google utilizes the first 60 characters of the title. On a WordPress blog, the title will be your post or page title.
Page Description - Your main keyword phrase should be near the front of the description. Google utilizes the first 160 characters of the description. On a WordPress blog, the description will be your excerpt.
Keywords - Focus only on the keywords that relate to your article. If you include other keywords, make sure they are closely related and support the main keyword. On a WordPress blog, keywords will be your tags.
Headings - These are the H1, H2, H3 tags within your post. Keep them relevant to your main topic, but do use them because Google does. On a WordPress blog, they are available in the formatting menu.
Page Content - The body of your article should contain your main keyword phrase early on in the article and again in the very last sentence. Don't excessively repeat the same phrase. Let the words flow naturally, but consider a keyword density around 2-3%. That is, for every 100 words, your main keyword can be mentioned two to three times, but always maintain a natural sounding dialog. Consider using singular or plural versions of the main keyword. Your page should also contain phrases that support the main keyword. It not only makes for more interesting reading, but also helps emphasize to Google that your content is indeed about large dog beds. Google is very smart at figuring out how words relate to each other so don't be afraid to use similar words that describe the same thing.
Domain Name - Your domain name can play a big roll in attracting the right ads. Include keywords that describe the main focus of your site. If your site is about dog beds, the phrase dog beds should be included at the beginning of the domain name. DogBedsGalore will attract relevant ads, whereas CreatureComforts would not.
If you follow these simple, but necessary guidelines, you should have no problem getting relevant ads to display.
Still Not Seeing Relevant Ads?
It may be due to a new feature Google recently added to AdSense. Log into your AdSense account and click on AdSense Setup, then Ad Review Center. Scroll down to the bottom of the page to the 'Allow and Block Google Certified Ad Networks' section and click on the 'change' link. These are additional ad networks that may be displaying ads on your site. Remove them by moving them from the left panel to the right panel. Then check the box on 'Automatically block new Google certified ad networks'. Click Submit to save. This should take effect within a few hours, but definitely within 24.
Google says these additional ad networks can bring more revenue to your site, but at the time of this writing I'm not convinced. I have a fitness website that performed wonderfully at displaying targeted ads. Then suddenly my ad revenue dropped and I noticed the ads displayed on the home page were ads for data retrieval and high end business software, although internal pages still displayed relevant ads. After some research, I was able to determine that it was due to a specific word in my domain name. It wasn't until I turned off the Google certified ad networks that I once again had relative ads displaying.
AJ Farro is a retired programmer and creative consultant for a variety of websites and blogs. Does your current web hosting provider impose strict limitations on disk space, data transfer, number of domains you can host and more? Get a side-by-side comparison of the top 10 best web hosting providers offering unlimited web hosting accounts.
Apr 13, 2010
google affiliate for fx trade
Jerusalem (CNN) -- An Israeli counter-terrorism unit is warning Israeli citizens in Egypt's Sinai peninsula to return home because they face the risk of militant attacks.
The group said it had "concrete information" about an "imminent risk of a terrorist abduction operation" in the Sinai -- a popular tourist destination spot for Israeli Jews and Arabs.
Warnings about travel to Sinai and other places have been issued frequently by the Israeli government.
The group said it had "concrete information" about an "imminent risk of a terrorist abduction operation" in the Sinai -- a popular tourist destination spot for Israeli Jews and Arabs.
Warnings about travel to Sinai and other places have been issued frequently by the Israeli government.
Affiliate Marketing efforts on the right foot
It is essential that we lay a good foundation. This applies to affiliate marketing too. It always helps to start out your affiliate marketing efforts on the right foot. You have probably spent some time studying exactly what you're going to do whenever you start to work on the Internet. You browse through all of the marketing forums, look through the affiliate networks and then chose some decent programs. You probably even have an idea of what you're going to do to promote it. All of this is good but what about choosing a domain name?
Many people don't even consider this whenever they are thinking about affiliate marketing but it can help to get you off on the right track. for more details www.affiliate-windfall-secrets.com.There are quite a number of different things that you should be look out for whenever it comes to purchasing a domain name. For example, you should ensure that the name is directly identifiable with whatever niche you're working in. Most importantly, it should be keyword rich and easy to remember.
Many people will tend to come back to your website if they see something that you offered but do not necessarily need to purchase at the time. For example, if you have a domain name that contains 20 words, people are not going to remember what it is as we people normally remember interesting names but not names which are dull and long. Make your domain short, catchy and easier to remember and you will get more repeat traffic.
You also need to ensure that you are not doing any bargain shopping when it comes to purchasing your domain name. Stay away from some of the larger networks. For example, GoDaddy is one of the most popular domain name registrars that are on the Internet. for more details www.affiliate-directories-online.com.They even have Super Bowl commercials that are extremely popular and just as expensive. The problem with Go daddy is that if you get one spam complaint, whether it is warranted or not, your domain name will be taken away from you. All of your efforts will go down the drain at that point.
Even though you should stay away from these larger networks, make sure that you are not bargain shopping for your domain name. Domains will cost about $10 every year and running the risk of your registrar going out of business is not worth saving a dollar or two on a yearly basis. Go with a reliable and safe network and spend the extra dollar, you will be delighted with your decision.
Many people don't even consider this whenever they are thinking about affiliate marketing but it can help to get you off on the right track. for more details www.affiliate-windfall-secrets.com.There are quite a number of different things that you should be look out for whenever it comes to purchasing a domain name. For example, you should ensure that the name is directly identifiable with whatever niche you're working in. Most importantly, it should be keyword rich and easy to remember.
Many people will tend to come back to your website if they see something that you offered but do not necessarily need to purchase at the time. For example, if you have a domain name that contains 20 words, people are not going to remember what it is as we people normally remember interesting names but not names which are dull and long. Make your domain short, catchy and easier to remember and you will get more repeat traffic.
You also need to ensure that you are not doing any bargain shopping when it comes to purchasing your domain name. Stay away from some of the larger networks. For example, GoDaddy is one of the most popular domain name registrars that are on the Internet. for more details www.affiliate-directories-online.com.They even have Super Bowl commercials that are extremely popular and just as expensive. The problem with Go daddy is that if you get one spam complaint, whether it is warranted or not, your domain name will be taken away from you. All of your efforts will go down the drain at that point.
Even though you should stay away from these larger networks, make sure that you are not bargain shopping for your domain name. Domains will cost about $10 every year and running the risk of your registrar going out of business is not worth saving a dollar or two on a yearly basis. Go with a reliable and safe network and spend the extra dollar, you will be delighted with your decision.
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